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the event

  • 1 exitus

    1.
    exĭtus, a, um, Part., from exeo, II.
    2.
    exĭtus, ūs, m. [exeo], a going out or forth, egress, departure (class., esp. in the trop. signif.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    reditum mihi gloriosum injuria tua dedit, non exitum calamitosum,

    Cic. Par. 4, 29:

    omni exitu et pabulatione interclusi,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 44 fin.:

    exitum sibi parere,

    id. B. C. 3, 69, 3.—In plur.:

    singulorum hominum occultos exitus asservare,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 21, 4; 1, 25, 4. —Of things:

    introitusque elementis redditus exstat,

    Lucr. 6, 494:

    exitus ut classi felix faustusque daretur,

    a setting sail, departure, id. 1, 100:

    amnis,

    a flowing out, discharge, id. 6, 727: animaï (i. e. venti), a bursting or rushing out, id. 6, 586; cf. Quint. 1, 11, 7.—
    B.
    Transf., concr., way of egress, outlet, passage:

    exitum non habent, ac pervium non est,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 145 Müll.:

    cum angusto portarum exitu se ipsi premerent,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 28, 3:

    in exitu paludis,

    mouth, Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 226:

    cibi,

    vent, id. 11, 34, 40, § 116 et saep.:

    si de multis nullus placet exitus,

    Juv. 6, 33.—In plur.:

    insula undique exitus maritimos habet,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 75, § 185:

    septem exitus e domo fecerat,

    Liv. 39, 51, 5; Col. 6, 30, 8:

    alvorum,

    Plin. 21, 14, 48, § 82 et saep.
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    A way out, an end, close, conclusion, termination (syn.: eventus, eventum).
    1.
    In gen.:

    hujus orationis difficilius est exitum quam principium invenire,

    end, close, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 1, 3; cf.: quemadmodum expediam exitum hujus institutae orationis, non reperio, id. Fam. 3, 12, 2:

    exitus fuit orationis,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 8, 1:

    ut tragici poëtae, cum explicare argumenti exitum non potestis, confugitis ad deum,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 53:

    adducta ad exitum quaestio est,

    id. Tusc. 5, 6, 15; cf.:

    ad exitum pervenire,

    id. Fam. 10, 22, 2; id. Or. 33, 116:

    ita magnarum initia rerum celerem et facilem exitum habuerunt,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 22 fin.:

    verba quae casus habent in exitu similes,

    at the end, Cic. Or. 49, 164; cf.

    in the foll.: fugam quaerebamus omnes, quae ipsa exitum non habebat,

    end, aim, id. Phil. 5, 16, 42:

    hinc omne principium, huc refer exitum,

    Hor. C. 3, 6, 6 et saep.:

    in exitu est meus consulatus,

    Cic. Mur. 37, 80; cf.: in exitu jam annus erat Liv. 35, 10, 1:

    superioris anni,

    id. 30, 26, 2:

    veris,

    Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 170:

    oppugnationis,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 9, 8:

    mimi, fabulae,

    the catastrophe, conclusion, Cic. Cael. 27, 65:

    vitae,

    end of life, latter end, Nep. Eum. 13; cf.:

    vitae mortisque,

    Vell. 2, 7, 1.—In plur.:

    tristes exitus habuit consulatus,

    Cic. Brut. 34, 128: eae causae sunt plenissimae, quae plurimos exitus dant ad ejusmodi degressionem, outlets, i. e. opportunities, id. de Or. 2, 77, 312: habent exitus aut in a aut in e, etc., Varr. L. L. 10, § 62 Müll.—
    2.
    In partic., end of life, end, death:

    natura ad humanum exitum (Romulum) abripuit,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 16 fin.:

    duravere usque ad Sejani exitum,

    Plin. 8, 58, 74, § 197; Amm. 14, 11:

    exitus in dubio est,

    Ov. M. 12, 522:

    Thrasymachi,

    Juv. 7, 204:

    saevus et illum exitus eripuit,

    id. 10, 127; 271.—In plur.:

    nonnumquam bonos exitus habent boni,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 37, 89:

    non igitur fatales exitus habuerunt,

    id. Div. 2, 9, 24.—
    3.
    A means, method, way, device, solution of a difficulty:

    cum autem exitus ab utroque datur conturbato errantique regi,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 63:

    non solum viam quaestus invenerunt, verum etiam exitum ac rationem defensionis,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 82, § 190:

    jam nullum fortunis communibus exitum reperietis,

    id. Dom. 47, 123.—
    B.
    Issue, result, event, i. q. eventus:

    si mihi alterutrum de eventu atque exitu rerum promittendum est,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 1, 5:

    in unum exitum spectare,

    id. de Or. 1, 20, 92:

    videtur ad exitum venisse quaestio,

    id. Tusc. 5, 7, 18; id. Fin. 2, 1, 3:

    neque exitum legis esse in meretrice publicanda,

    i. e. the law would be without proper effect, id. Inv. 2, 40, 118, v. the context:

    de exitu rerum sentire,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 52 fin.:

    incerto etiam nunc exitu victoriae,

    id. ib. 7, 62, 6:

    de exitu fortunarum suarum consultabant,

    id. ib. 7, 77, 1; cf. id. ib. 3, 8, 3; and:

    prudens futuri temporis exitum Caliginosa nocte premit deus,

    events, Hor. C. 3, 29, 29: ut quae rei publicae polliceremur, exitu praestaremus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 8, 3:

    exitum rei imponere,

    Liv. 37, 19, 1:

    quaestiones ad exitum perductae,

    id. 40, 19, 10:

    ad exitum spei pervenire,

    accomplishment, id. 5, 12, 4; so,

    serae exitum spei exspectare,

    id. 5, 6, 2:

    sine exitu esse,

    without result, id. 32, 40, 3.—In plur.:

    fortasse haec omnia meliores habebunt exitus,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 6:

    quae (responsa haruspicum) aut nullos habuerint exitus aut contrarios,

    id. Div. 2, 24, 52:

    Liber vota bonos ducit ad exitus,

    Hor. C. 4, 8, 34; cf.:

    (fortuna) Belli secundos reddidit exitus,

    id. ib. 4, 14, 38.—Prov.:

    exitus acta probat,

    the event justifies the deed, Ov. H. 2, 85.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > exitus

  • 2 exitus

        exitus ūs, m    [ex + 1 I-], a going out, going forth, egress, departure: omni exitu interclusi, Cs.: hominum exitūs adservare, Cs.: ne exitus inclusis ab urbe esset, L.— A way of egress, outlet, passage: angustus portarum, Cs.: de multis nullus, Iu.: insula exitūs maritimos habet: septem e domo, L.—Fig., a way out, end, close, conclusion, termination: orationis: adducta ex exitum quaestio est: magnarum initia rerum facilem exitum habuerunt, Cs.: casūs habent in exitu similīs (verba): Hinc omne principium, huc refer exitum, H.: in exitu iam annus erat, L.: oppugnationis, Cs.: fabulae, catastrophe: vitae, N.: tristīs exitūs habuit consulatus: causae, quae plurimos exitūs dant ad eius modi degressionem, i. e. opportunities. —End of life, end, death: Caesaris: hic exitus illum tulit, etc., V.: saevus, Iu.: bonos exitūs habere.— A means, method, way, device, solution: exitus ab utroque datur regi: defensionis.— An issue, result, event: incertus belli: huius diei: de exitu rerum sentire, Cs.: futuri temporis, H.: spei, accomplishment, L.: sine exitu esse, without result, L.: ingens, V.: meliores habere exitūs: (fortuna) Belli secundos reddidit exitūs, H. — Prov.: Exitus acta probat, the event justifies the deed, O.
    * * *
    exit, departure; end, solution; death; outlet, mouth (of river)

    Latin-English dictionary > exitus

  • 3 exter

    exter or extĕrus (both forms only post-class. and very rare), tĕra, tĕrum, adj. [ comp. form, from ex], on the outside, outward, of another country, family, etc., foreign, strange (syn.: extraneus; alienus, peregrinus, adventicius).
    I.
    Pos. (in Cic. and Caes. used in the plur.):

    quod exter heres praestare cogeretur,

    strange, Dig. 31, 1, 69:

    emancipatus vero aut exterus non aliter possunt hereditatem quaerere quam si, etc.,

    ib. 29, 2, 84; cf. ib. 31, 1, 67, § 4:

    tactus corporis est sensus, vel cum res extera sese Insinuat, vel, etc.,

    Lucr. 2, 435:

    vis,

    id. 2, 277:

    haec lex socialis est, hoc jus nationum exterarum est,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 5, 18:

    exterarum gentium multitudo,

    Suet. Caes. 84:

    non modo vestris civibus, verum etiam exteris nationibus,

    Cic. Font. 11, 25; cf.:

    apud exteras civitates,

    Cic. Caecin. 34, 100:

    apud exteras nationes,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 43 fin.;

    ad nationes exteras,

    Quint. 11, 1, 89:

    apud exteros,

    Plin. 18, 3, 5, § 22 et saep.:

    ab extero hoste atque longinquo,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 13.—In neutr. plur. with gen.:

    ad extera Europae noscenda missus Himilco,

    Plin. 2, 67, 67, § 169:

    ad extera corporum,

    id. 22, 23, 49, § 103.—
    II.
    Comp.: extĕrĭor, us (in signif. scarcely differing from its pos.), outward, outer, exterior; opp. interior (rare but class.):

    cum alterum fecisset exteriorem, interiorem alterum amplexus orbem,

    Cic. Univ. 7; cf.:

    simul ex navibus milites in exteriorem vallum tela jaciebant... et legionarii, interioris munitionis defensores,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 63, 6:

    colle exteriore occupato,

    id. B. G. 7, 79, 1:

    circumire exteriores mutiones jubet,

    id. ib. 7, 87, 4:

    pares munitiones contra exteriorem hostem perfecit,

    id. ib. 7, 74:

    comes exterior,

    i. e. on the left side, Hor. S. 2, 5, 17.—
    III.
    Sup. in two forms, extrēmus and extĭmus or extŭmus [ sup. of ex; cf. Gr. eschatos, Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 387].
    A.
    extrēmus, a, um (which in post-class. lang. is itself compared; comp.:

    extremior,

    App. M. 1, p. 105; 7, p. 188; sup.:

    extremissimus,

    Tert. Apol. 19), the outermost, utmost, extreme (so most freq.; cf.: ultimus, postremus, novissimus, supremus, imus).
    1.
    Lit.:

    extremum oppidum Allobrogum est Geneva,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 6, 3:

    flumen Axona, quod est in extremis Remorum finibus,

    on the farthest borders, id. ib. 2, 5, 4:

    fines,

    Liv. 39, 28, 2; 45, 29, 14; cf.:

    ad extremum finem provinciae Galliae venerunt,

    id. 40, 16, 5:

    impiger extremos currit mercator ad Indos,

    the remotest, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 45:

    Tanaïs,

    id. C. 3, 10, 1:

    in extrema fere parte epistolae,

    near the end, Cic. Att. 6, 1, 20; cf.:

    in codicis extrema cera,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 36, § 92; but to denote the last part of a thing it is used more freq. in immediate connection with the substantive denoting the whole:

    quibus (litteris) in extremis,

    at its end, id. Att. 14, 8, 1; cf.:

    in qua (epistola) extrema,

    id. ib. 13, 45, 1:

    in extremo libro tertio,

    at the end of the third book, id. Off. 3, 2, 9:

    in extrema oratione,

    id. de Or. 1, 10, 41:

    in extremo ponte turrim constituit,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 29, 3; cf.:

    ad extremas fossas castella constituit,

    id. ib. 2, 8, 3:

    ab extremo agmine,

    id. ib. 2, 11, 4:

    in extrema Cappadocia,

    Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 4:

    extremis digitis aliquid attingere,

    id. Cael. 12, 28 et saep. —In the neutr. absol. and as subst.: extrē-mum, i, n., an end, the end: divitias alii praeponunt, alii honores, multi etiam voluptates;

    beluarum hoc quidem extremum,

    Cic. Lael. 6, 20:

    quod finitum est, habet extremum,

    id. Div. 2, 50, 103:

    missile telum hastili abiegno et cetera tereti, praeterquam ad extremum,

    at the end, Liv. 21, 8, 10: in "Equo Trojano" scis esse in extremo "sero sapiunt," Cic. Fam. 7, 16, 1; cf.:

    quod erat in extremo,

    id. Att. 6, 9, 1.—With gen.:

    aliquid ad extremum causae reservatum,

    Cic. Deiot. 13, 35 (cf. infra, 2. a. fin.):

    caelum ipsum, quod extremum atque ultumum mundi est,

    id. Div. 2, 43, 91:

    ab Ocelo, quod est citerioris provinciae extremum,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 10, 5:

    summum gulae fauces vocantur, extremum stomachus,

    Plin. 11, 37, 68, § 179:

    in extremo montis,

    Sall. J. 37, 4.— In plur.:

    extrema agminis,

    Liv. 6, 32, 11:

    extrema Africae,

    Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 31:

    extrema Galliae,

    Flor. 3, 3, 1; 3, 20, 12; Tac. H. 5, 18; id. A. 4, 67; 4, 74.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    In respect to time or the order of succession, the latest, last:

    inter prioris mensis senescentis extremum diem et novam lunam,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 10 Müll.:

    mensis anni Februarius,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 21, 54:

    tempore diei,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 15, 6:

    eam amicitiam ad extremum finem vitae perduxit,

    Liv. 37, 53, 8:

    matres ab extremo conspectu liberorum exclusae,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 118:

    manus extrema non accessit operibus ejus,

    the finishing hand, the last touches, id. Brut. 33, 126:

    extremum illud est, ut te orem et obsecrem,

    it remains only, id. Fam. 4, 13, 7; id. Att. 11, 16, 5.—To denote the last part of a thing (cf. above, 1.): quod eo die potest videri extrema et prima luna, i. e. the end and the beginning, Varr. L. L. l. l.:

    usque ad extremam aetatem ab adolescentia,

    Nep. Cato, 2, 4; id. Att. 10, 3; cf.: ita tantum bellum Cn. Pompeius extrema hieme apparavit, ineunte vere suscepit, media aestate confecit, Cic. de lmp. Pomp. 12, 35:

    extremo anno,

    Liv. 2, 64, 1:

    extremo tempore,

    in the last time, at last, Nep. Dat. 10; id. Epam. 9; id. Eum. 5, 3 al.:

    extrema pueritia,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:

    extremo Peloponnesio bello,

    Nep. Con. 1, 2: extremus dies, the close of day, the evening, Sil 7, 172; 14, 8.— Subst.:

    illum Praeteritum temnens extremos inter euntem,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 116; cf.: extremi primorum, extremis [p. 708] usque priores, id. Ep. 2, 2, 204:

    extremus dominorum,

    Tac. H. 4, 42 fin.:

    die extremum erat,

    Sall. J. 21, 2:

    extremum aestatis,

    id. ib. 90, 1:

    extremo anni,

    Liv. 35, 11, 1:

    sub extremum noctis,

    Sil. 4, 88 al. —Prov.: extrema semper de ante factis judicant (cf. our wise after the event), Pub. Syr. 163 Rib.— Adv.: extremum.
    a.
    For the last time:

    alloquor extremum maestos abiturus amicos,

    Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 15: cum diu occulte suspirassent, postea jam gemere, ad extremum vero loqui omnes et clamare coeperunt.—
    b.
    At last, finally, Cic. Att. 2, 21, 2:

    extremum tenues liquefacta medullas Tabuit,

    Ov. M. 14, 431.—Adverb. phrase:

    ad extremum,

    id. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Caes. B. G. 4, 4, 2 et saep.; cf., strengthened by tum:

    invenire quod dicas... deinde... post... tum ad extremum agere ac pronuntiare,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 19, 79; and strengthened by denique:

    ad extremum ipsa denique necessitate excitantur,

    id. Sest. 47, 100:

    decimo loco testis exspectatus et ad extremum reservatus dixit, etc.,

    till the end, to the last, id. Caecin. 10, 28:

    ad extremum,

    Ov. P. 1, 9, 28; 3, 7, 20;

    for which: in extremum (durare),

    id. H. 7, 111:

    qui extremo mortuus est,

    at last, Dig. 32, 1, 81:

    extremo,

    Nep. Ham. 2, 3.—
    b.
    Extreme in quality or degree; used, like ultimus, to denote both the highest and the lowest grade.
    (α).
    The utmost, highest, greatest: cum extremum hoc sit (sentis enim, credo, me jam diu, quod telos Graeci dicunt, id dicere tum extremum, tum ultimum, tum summum:

    licebit etiam finem pro extremo aut ultimo dicere) cum igitur hoc sit extremum, congruenter naturae vivere, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 7, 26:

    extremam famem sustentare,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 17, 3:

    ad extrema et inimicissima jura tam cupide decurrebas,

    Cic. Quint. 15, 48; cf.:

    decurritur ad illud extremum atque ultimum S. C., Dent operam consules, etc.,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 5, 3:

    extremam rationem belli sequens,

    id. ib. 3, 44, 1:

    neque aliud se fatigando nisi odium quaerere, extremae dementiae est,

    is the height of madness, Sall. J. 3, 3:

    in extremis suis rebus,

    in the utmost, greatest danger, Caes. B. G. 2, 25 fin.:

    res,

    Suet. Ner. 6 fin.; cf.:

    res jam ad extremum perducta casum,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 5, 1:

    necessitate extrema ad mortem agi,

    Tac. A. 13, 1.— Subst.: si nihil in Lepido spei sit, descensurum ad extrema, to desperate measures, Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 4:

    ad extrema perventum est,

    Curt. 4, 14, 14:

    ad extrema ventum foret, ni, etc.,

    Liv. 2, 47, 8:

    compellere ad extrema deditionis,

    to surrender at discretion, Flor. 4, 5; cf.:

    famem, ferrum et extrema pati,

    Tac. H. 4, 59:

    plura de extremis loqui,

    id. ib. 2, 47 al.:

    res publica in extremo sita,

    Sall. C. 52, 11;

    Sen. de Ira, 1, 11, 5.—Adverb.: improbus homo, sed non ad extremum perditus,

    utterly, Liv. 23, 2, 4.—
    (β).
    The lowest, vilest, meanest (perh. not ante-Aug.):

    mancipia,

    Sen. Ep. 70 fin.:

    latrones,

    App. M. 3, p. 131:

    quidam sortis extremae juvenis,

    Just. 15, 1:

    alimenta vitae,

    Tac. A. 6, 24:

    extremi ingenii est,

    Liv. 22, 29, 8.—
    B.
    extĭmus or extŭmus, a, um, the outermost, farthest, most remote (rare but class.):

    novem orbes, quorum unus est caelestis, extimus, qui reliquos omnes complectitur,

    Cic. Rep. 6, 17:

    circum caesura membrorum,

    Lucr. 3, 219; 4, 647:

    promontorium Oceani,

    Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 1:

    gentes,

    id. 2, 78, 80, § 190: factus sum extimus a vobis, i. e. discarded, estranged, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 609 P.— Subst.:

    Apuliae extima,

    the borders, Plin. 6, 34, 39, § 217.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > exter

  • 4 extremum

    exter or extĕrus (both forms only post-class. and very rare), tĕra, tĕrum, adj. [ comp. form, from ex], on the outside, outward, of another country, family, etc., foreign, strange (syn.: extraneus; alienus, peregrinus, adventicius).
    I.
    Pos. (in Cic. and Caes. used in the plur.):

    quod exter heres praestare cogeretur,

    strange, Dig. 31, 1, 69:

    emancipatus vero aut exterus non aliter possunt hereditatem quaerere quam si, etc.,

    ib. 29, 2, 84; cf. ib. 31, 1, 67, § 4:

    tactus corporis est sensus, vel cum res extera sese Insinuat, vel, etc.,

    Lucr. 2, 435:

    vis,

    id. 2, 277:

    haec lex socialis est, hoc jus nationum exterarum est,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 5, 18:

    exterarum gentium multitudo,

    Suet. Caes. 84:

    non modo vestris civibus, verum etiam exteris nationibus,

    Cic. Font. 11, 25; cf.:

    apud exteras civitates,

    Cic. Caecin. 34, 100:

    apud exteras nationes,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 43 fin.;

    ad nationes exteras,

    Quint. 11, 1, 89:

    apud exteros,

    Plin. 18, 3, 5, § 22 et saep.:

    ab extero hoste atque longinquo,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 13.—In neutr. plur. with gen.:

    ad extera Europae noscenda missus Himilco,

    Plin. 2, 67, 67, § 169:

    ad extera corporum,

    id. 22, 23, 49, § 103.—
    II.
    Comp.: extĕrĭor, us (in signif. scarcely differing from its pos.), outward, outer, exterior; opp. interior (rare but class.):

    cum alterum fecisset exteriorem, interiorem alterum amplexus orbem,

    Cic. Univ. 7; cf.:

    simul ex navibus milites in exteriorem vallum tela jaciebant... et legionarii, interioris munitionis defensores,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 63, 6:

    colle exteriore occupato,

    id. B. G. 7, 79, 1:

    circumire exteriores mutiones jubet,

    id. ib. 7, 87, 4:

    pares munitiones contra exteriorem hostem perfecit,

    id. ib. 7, 74:

    comes exterior,

    i. e. on the left side, Hor. S. 2, 5, 17.—
    III.
    Sup. in two forms, extrēmus and extĭmus or extŭmus [ sup. of ex; cf. Gr. eschatos, Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 387].
    A.
    extrēmus, a, um (which in post-class. lang. is itself compared; comp.:

    extremior,

    App. M. 1, p. 105; 7, p. 188; sup.:

    extremissimus,

    Tert. Apol. 19), the outermost, utmost, extreme (so most freq.; cf.: ultimus, postremus, novissimus, supremus, imus).
    1.
    Lit.:

    extremum oppidum Allobrogum est Geneva,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 6, 3:

    flumen Axona, quod est in extremis Remorum finibus,

    on the farthest borders, id. ib. 2, 5, 4:

    fines,

    Liv. 39, 28, 2; 45, 29, 14; cf.:

    ad extremum finem provinciae Galliae venerunt,

    id. 40, 16, 5:

    impiger extremos currit mercator ad Indos,

    the remotest, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 45:

    Tanaïs,

    id. C. 3, 10, 1:

    in extrema fere parte epistolae,

    near the end, Cic. Att. 6, 1, 20; cf.:

    in codicis extrema cera,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 36, § 92; but to denote the last part of a thing it is used more freq. in immediate connection with the substantive denoting the whole:

    quibus (litteris) in extremis,

    at its end, id. Att. 14, 8, 1; cf.:

    in qua (epistola) extrema,

    id. ib. 13, 45, 1:

    in extremo libro tertio,

    at the end of the third book, id. Off. 3, 2, 9:

    in extrema oratione,

    id. de Or. 1, 10, 41:

    in extremo ponte turrim constituit,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 29, 3; cf.:

    ad extremas fossas castella constituit,

    id. ib. 2, 8, 3:

    ab extremo agmine,

    id. ib. 2, 11, 4:

    in extrema Cappadocia,

    Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 4:

    extremis digitis aliquid attingere,

    id. Cael. 12, 28 et saep. —In the neutr. absol. and as subst.: extrē-mum, i, n., an end, the end: divitias alii praeponunt, alii honores, multi etiam voluptates;

    beluarum hoc quidem extremum,

    Cic. Lael. 6, 20:

    quod finitum est, habet extremum,

    id. Div. 2, 50, 103:

    missile telum hastili abiegno et cetera tereti, praeterquam ad extremum,

    at the end, Liv. 21, 8, 10: in "Equo Trojano" scis esse in extremo "sero sapiunt," Cic. Fam. 7, 16, 1; cf.:

    quod erat in extremo,

    id. Att. 6, 9, 1.—With gen.:

    aliquid ad extremum causae reservatum,

    Cic. Deiot. 13, 35 (cf. infra, 2. a. fin.):

    caelum ipsum, quod extremum atque ultumum mundi est,

    id. Div. 2, 43, 91:

    ab Ocelo, quod est citerioris provinciae extremum,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 10, 5:

    summum gulae fauces vocantur, extremum stomachus,

    Plin. 11, 37, 68, § 179:

    in extremo montis,

    Sall. J. 37, 4.— In plur.:

    extrema agminis,

    Liv. 6, 32, 11:

    extrema Africae,

    Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 31:

    extrema Galliae,

    Flor. 3, 3, 1; 3, 20, 12; Tac. H. 5, 18; id. A. 4, 67; 4, 74.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    In respect to time or the order of succession, the latest, last:

    inter prioris mensis senescentis extremum diem et novam lunam,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 10 Müll.:

    mensis anni Februarius,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 21, 54:

    tempore diei,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 15, 6:

    eam amicitiam ad extremum finem vitae perduxit,

    Liv. 37, 53, 8:

    matres ab extremo conspectu liberorum exclusae,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 118:

    manus extrema non accessit operibus ejus,

    the finishing hand, the last touches, id. Brut. 33, 126:

    extremum illud est, ut te orem et obsecrem,

    it remains only, id. Fam. 4, 13, 7; id. Att. 11, 16, 5.—To denote the last part of a thing (cf. above, 1.): quod eo die potest videri extrema et prima luna, i. e. the end and the beginning, Varr. L. L. l. l.:

    usque ad extremam aetatem ab adolescentia,

    Nep. Cato, 2, 4; id. Att. 10, 3; cf.: ita tantum bellum Cn. Pompeius extrema hieme apparavit, ineunte vere suscepit, media aestate confecit, Cic. de lmp. Pomp. 12, 35:

    extremo anno,

    Liv. 2, 64, 1:

    extremo tempore,

    in the last time, at last, Nep. Dat. 10; id. Epam. 9; id. Eum. 5, 3 al.:

    extrema pueritia,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:

    extremo Peloponnesio bello,

    Nep. Con. 1, 2: extremus dies, the close of day, the evening, Sil 7, 172; 14, 8.— Subst.:

    illum Praeteritum temnens extremos inter euntem,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 116; cf.: extremi primorum, extremis [p. 708] usque priores, id. Ep. 2, 2, 204:

    extremus dominorum,

    Tac. H. 4, 42 fin.:

    die extremum erat,

    Sall. J. 21, 2:

    extremum aestatis,

    id. ib. 90, 1:

    extremo anni,

    Liv. 35, 11, 1:

    sub extremum noctis,

    Sil. 4, 88 al. —Prov.: extrema semper de ante factis judicant (cf. our wise after the event), Pub. Syr. 163 Rib.— Adv.: extremum.
    a.
    For the last time:

    alloquor extremum maestos abiturus amicos,

    Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 15: cum diu occulte suspirassent, postea jam gemere, ad extremum vero loqui omnes et clamare coeperunt.—
    b.
    At last, finally, Cic. Att. 2, 21, 2:

    extremum tenues liquefacta medullas Tabuit,

    Ov. M. 14, 431.—Adverb. phrase:

    ad extremum,

    id. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Caes. B. G. 4, 4, 2 et saep.; cf., strengthened by tum:

    invenire quod dicas... deinde... post... tum ad extremum agere ac pronuntiare,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 19, 79; and strengthened by denique:

    ad extremum ipsa denique necessitate excitantur,

    id. Sest. 47, 100:

    decimo loco testis exspectatus et ad extremum reservatus dixit, etc.,

    till the end, to the last, id. Caecin. 10, 28:

    ad extremum,

    Ov. P. 1, 9, 28; 3, 7, 20;

    for which: in extremum (durare),

    id. H. 7, 111:

    qui extremo mortuus est,

    at last, Dig. 32, 1, 81:

    extremo,

    Nep. Ham. 2, 3.—
    b.
    Extreme in quality or degree; used, like ultimus, to denote both the highest and the lowest grade.
    (α).
    The utmost, highest, greatest: cum extremum hoc sit (sentis enim, credo, me jam diu, quod telos Graeci dicunt, id dicere tum extremum, tum ultimum, tum summum:

    licebit etiam finem pro extremo aut ultimo dicere) cum igitur hoc sit extremum, congruenter naturae vivere, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 7, 26:

    extremam famem sustentare,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 17, 3:

    ad extrema et inimicissima jura tam cupide decurrebas,

    Cic. Quint. 15, 48; cf.:

    decurritur ad illud extremum atque ultimum S. C., Dent operam consules, etc.,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 5, 3:

    extremam rationem belli sequens,

    id. ib. 3, 44, 1:

    neque aliud se fatigando nisi odium quaerere, extremae dementiae est,

    is the height of madness, Sall. J. 3, 3:

    in extremis suis rebus,

    in the utmost, greatest danger, Caes. B. G. 2, 25 fin.:

    res,

    Suet. Ner. 6 fin.; cf.:

    res jam ad extremum perducta casum,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 5, 1:

    necessitate extrema ad mortem agi,

    Tac. A. 13, 1.— Subst.: si nihil in Lepido spei sit, descensurum ad extrema, to desperate measures, Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 4:

    ad extrema perventum est,

    Curt. 4, 14, 14:

    ad extrema ventum foret, ni, etc.,

    Liv. 2, 47, 8:

    compellere ad extrema deditionis,

    to surrender at discretion, Flor. 4, 5; cf.:

    famem, ferrum et extrema pati,

    Tac. H. 4, 59:

    plura de extremis loqui,

    id. ib. 2, 47 al.:

    res publica in extremo sita,

    Sall. C. 52, 11;

    Sen. de Ira, 1, 11, 5.—Adverb.: improbus homo, sed non ad extremum perditus,

    utterly, Liv. 23, 2, 4.—
    (β).
    The lowest, vilest, meanest (perh. not ante-Aug.):

    mancipia,

    Sen. Ep. 70 fin.:

    latrones,

    App. M. 3, p. 131:

    quidam sortis extremae juvenis,

    Just. 15, 1:

    alimenta vitae,

    Tac. A. 6, 24:

    extremi ingenii est,

    Liv. 22, 29, 8.—
    B.
    extĭmus or extŭmus, a, um, the outermost, farthest, most remote (rare but class.):

    novem orbes, quorum unus est caelestis, extimus, qui reliquos omnes complectitur,

    Cic. Rep. 6, 17:

    circum caesura membrorum,

    Lucr. 3, 219; 4, 647:

    promontorium Oceani,

    Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 1:

    gentes,

    id. 2, 78, 80, § 190: factus sum extimus a vobis, i. e. discarded, estranged, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 609 P.— Subst.:

    Apuliae extima,

    the borders, Plin. 6, 34, 39, § 217.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > extremum

  • 5 Ex ante

    • Before the event, beforehand. (economics: based on prior assumptions)

    Latin Quotes (Latin to English) > Ex ante

  • 6 experimentum

    expĕrīmentum, i, n. [id.], a proof, test, trial, experiment (mostly post-Aug.; cf.: documentum periculum): nimirum hoc maximum est experimentum, cum constet aegritudinem vetustate tolli, etc., * Cic. Tusc. 3, 30, 74:

    Metello experimentis cognitum erat, genus Numidarum infidum esse,

    Sall. J. 46, 3; cf. Tac. A. 13, 24:

    lenitatis,

    id. ib. 15, 24:

    virtutis,

    Vell. 2, 116, 1; Just. 15, 3, 1:

    in omnibus fere minus valent praecepta quam experimenta,

    Quint. 2, 5, 15:

    medici experimenta per mortis agunt,

    Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 18; 13, 2, 3, § 19:

    experimento probare,

    Vulg. Esth. 3, 5.—
    II.
    Experience (post-Aug.; cf.

    experientia): experimento meo ac natura ipsa duce,

    Quint. 6, 2, 25:

    longo experimento testata gloria,

    Val. Max. 3, 7, 6 fin.:

    Africa contenta qualicumque principe post experimentum domini minoris,

    Tac. H. 1, 11:

    sed experimentum contra fuit,

    the event, result, id. A. 2, 97 fin.—Plur.:

    haec autem cognosci experimentis,

    Cels. 1 prooem. pp. 9, 10 Milligan:

    Trebellius segnior et nullis castrorum experimentis provinciam tenuit,

    Tac. Agr. 16.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > experimentum

  • 7 rēs

        rēs reī, f    [RA-], a thing, object, matter, affair, business, event, fact, circumstance, occurrence, deed, condition, case: divinarum humanarumque rerum cognitio: te ut ulla res frangat?: relictis rebus suis omnibus: rem omnibus narrare: si res postulabit, the case: re bene gestā: scriptor rerum suarum, annalist: neque est ulla res, in quā, etc.: magna res principio statim belli, a great advantage, L.: Nil admirari prope res est una, quae, etc., the only thing, H.: rerum, facta est pulcherrima Roma, the most beautiful thing in the world, V.: fortissima rerum animalia, O.: dulcissime rerum, H.— A circumstance, condition: In' in malam rem, go to the bad, T.: mala res, a wretched condition, S.: res secundae, good-fortune, H.: prosperae res, N.: in secundissimis rebus: adversa belli res, L.: dubiae res, S.—In phrases with e or pro: E re natā melius fieri haud potuit, after what has happened, T.: pro re natā, according to circumstances: consilium pro tempore et pro re capere, as circumstances should require, Cs.: pro re pauca loquar, V.: ex re et ex tempore.—With an adj. in circumlocution: abhorrens ab re uxoriā<*> matrimony, T.: in arbitrio rei uxoriae, dowry: belhcam rem administrari, a battle: pecuaria res et rustica, cattle: liber de rebus rusticis, agriculture: res frumentaria, forage, Cs.: res iudiciaria, the administration of justice: res ludicra, play, H.: Veneris res, O.— A subject, story, events, facts, history: cui lecta potenter erit res, H.: agitur res in scaenis, H.: res populi R. perscribere, L.: res Persicae, history, N.— An actual thing, reality, verity, truth, fact: ipsam rem loqui, T.: nihil est aliud in re, in fact, L.: se ipsa res aperit, N.: quantum distet argumentatio tua ab re ipsā.— Abl adverb., in fact, in truth, really, actually: eos deos non re, sed opinione esse dicunt: verbo permittere, re hortari: hoc verbo ac simulatione Apronio, re verā tibi obiectum: haec ille, si verbis non audet, re quidem verā palam loquitur: venit, specie ut indutiae essent, re verā ad petendum veniam, L.— Effects, substance, property, possessions, estate: et re salvā et perditā, T.: talentūm rem decem, T.: res eos iampridem, fides nuper deficere coepit: in tenui re, in narrow circumstances, H.: quantis opibus, quibus de rebus: privatae res.— A benefit, profit, advantage, interest, weal: Quasi istic mea res minor agatur quam tua, is concerned, T.: Si in remst utrique, ut fiant, if it is a good thing for both, T.: in rem fore credens universos adpellare, useful, S.: imperat quae in rem sunt, L.: Non ex re istius, not for his good, T.: contra rem suam me venisse questus est: minime, dum ob rem, to the purpose, T.: ob rem facere, advantageously, S.: haec haud ab re duxi referre, irrelevant, L.: non ab re esse, useless, L.— A cause, reason, ground, account.—In the phrase, eā re, therefore: illud eā re a se esse concessum, quod, etc.; see also quā re, quam ob rem.— An affair, matter of business, business: multa inter se communicare et de re Gallicanā: tecum mihi res est, my business is: erat res ei cum exercitu, he had to deal: cum his mihi res sit, let me attend to, Cs.: quocum tum uno rem habebam, had relations, T.— A case in law, lawsuit, cause, suit, action: utrum rem an litem dici oporteret: quarum rerum litium causarum condixit pater patratus, L. (old form.): capere pecunias ob rem iudicandam.— An affair, battle, campaign, military operation: res gesta virtute: ut res gesta est narrabo ordine, T.: his rebus gestis, Cs.: bene rem gerere, H.: res gestae, military achievements, H.—Of the state, in the phrase, res publica (often written respublica, res p.), the common weal, a commonwealth, state, republic: dum modo calamitas a rei p. periculis seiungatur: si re p. non possis frui, stultum nolle privatā, public life: egestates tot egentissimorum hominum nec privatas posse res nec rem p. sustinere: auguratum est, rem Romanam p. summam fore: paene victā re p.: rem p. delere.—In the phrase, e re publicā, for the good of the state, for the common weal, in the public interests: senatūs consultis bene et e re p. factis: uti e re p. fideque suā videretur. — Plur: hoc loquor de tribus his generibus rerum p.: utiliores rebus suis publicis esse.—Without publica, the state, commonwealth, government: Unus homo nobis cunctando restituit rem, Enn. ap. C.: Hic (Marcellus) rem Romanam Sistet, V.: nec rem Romanam tam desidem umquam fuisse, L.: res Asiae evertere, V.: Custode rerum Caesare, H.—In the phrase, rerum potiri, to obtain the sovereignty, control the government: qui rerum potiri volunt: dum ea (civitas) rerum potita est, become supreme.—In the phrase, res novae, political change, revolution.
    * * *
    I
    thing; event, business; fact; cause; property
    II
    res; (20th letter of Hebrew alphabet); (transliterate as R)

    Latin-English dictionary > rēs

  • 8 casu

    1.
    cāsus (Ciceronis temporibus paulumque infra s geminabatur: cassus, etc., Quint. 1, 7, 20; cf.: causa, Juppiter al.; in inscr. also KASVS), ūs (dat. casu, Nep. Alcib. 6, 4), m. [cado].
    I.
    Lit., a falling (acc. to cado, I. A. and C.).
    A.
    A falling down, etc.:

    stillicidi,

    Lucr. 1, 313:

    geli,

    id. 5, 205:

    nivis,

    Liv. 21, 35, 6:

    fulminum,

    Plin. 2, 50, 51, § 135; Ov. M. 8, 259:

    celsae graviore casu Decidunt turres,

    Hor. C. 2, 10, 10.—In plur., Lucr. 2, 231.—
    B.
    A fall, an overthrow, a throwing down:

    occumbunt multi letum praecipe casu,

    Enn. Ann. 391 Vahl.: eoque ictu me ad casum dari, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 44:

    casus, quo (infantes) in terram toties deferuntur,

    Quint. 1, 12, 10; Lucr. 5, 1333:

    vehiculi,

    Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 21 al. —In plur.: cum loci Inciperent casus, i. e. the fall, destruction (by an earthquake), Ov. M. 8, 714.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    Of time, the end:

    extremae sub casum hiemis,

    Verg. G. 1, 340.—
    B.
    A moral fall, a false step, an error, fall:

    multas vias adulescentiae lubricas ostendit (natura), quibus illa insistere, aut ingredi sine casu aliquo ac prolapsione vix posset,

    Cic. Cael. 17, 41.—So of a political fall, Cic. Sest. 67, 140.—
    2.
    Esp., a fall or change from a higher to a lower condition:

    secum reputans quam gravis casus in servitium ex regno foret,

    Sall. J. 62, 9.—
    C.
    That which turns out or happens unexpectedly, an occurrence, event, accident, chance, misfortune, emergency (this most freq. in sing. and plur.):

    quid est enim aliud fors, quid fortuna, quid casus, quid eventus, nisi cum sic aliquid cecidit, sic evenit, ut vel non cadere atque evenire, vel aliter cadere atque evenire potuerit? etc.,

    Cic. Div. 2, 6, 15: quis iste tantus casus? unde tam felix concursus atomorum? cf. id. N. D. 1, 32, 90:

    novi casus temporum,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60:

    quod consilium etsi in ejusmodi casu reprehendendum non est, tamen incommode accidit,

    such an emergency, Caes. B. G. 5, 33:

    quod in ejusmodi casu accidit, periti ignaris parebant,

    Curt. 4, 3, 18; 10, 5, 8; Quint. 6, 2, 34; Tac. A. 2, 47; Liv. 24, 2, 11; 38, 8, 5: potest igitur veritatem [p. 300] casus imitari, Cic. Div. 2, 21, 49:

    quis tantam Rutulis laudem, casusne deusne, Attulerit,

    Verg. A. 12, 321:

    sive illud deorum munus sive casus fuit,

    Curt. 4, 7, 13:

    quae casus obtulerat, in sapientiam vertenda ratus,

    Tac. A. 1, 29:

    ut quemque casus armaverat,

    Sall. C. 56, 3:

    si quos locus aut casus conjunxerat,

    id. J. 97 fin.:

    in aleam tanti casus se regnumque dare,

    Liv. 42, 50, 2:

    ludibrium casūs,

    id. 30, 30, 5:

    casum potius quam consilium sequatur,

    Quint. 7, prooem. §

    3: parata ad omnes casus eloquentia,

    id. 10, 1, 2:

    bellorum,

    Tac. A. 1, 61:

    satis jam eventuum, satis casuum,

    id. ib. 2, 26:

    adversi, secundi,

    Nep. Dat. 5, 4; cf. Suet. Caes. 25; id. Oth. 9:

    magnus,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 30; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 3:

    mirificus,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 5, 2:

    mirabiles,

    Nep. Timol. 5, 1:

    rariores,

    Cic. Off. 2, 6, 19:

    dubii,

    Cat. 64, 216; Hor. S. 2, 2, 108:

    varii,

    Verg. A. 1, 204:

    subiti repentinique,

    Suet. Aug. 73.—Hence, in abl.: casu, adverbially, by chance, casually, by accident, accidentally:

    quod si haec habent aliquam talem necessitatem, quid est tandem, quod casu fieri aut forte fortunā putemus?

    Cic. Div. 2, 7, 18:

    id evenit non temere nec casu,

    id. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

    sive casu sive consilio deorum,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 12; cf. Suet. Claud. 13:

    necessitate an casu,

    Quint. 3, 6, 26:

    casu an persuasu et inductu,

    id. 5, 10, 69:

    casu an manibus impeditus,

    Tac. A. 1, 13:

    accidit casu ut legati, etc.,

    Nep. Hann. 12, 1; cf. Hor. S. 1, 6, 53; 1, 9, 36; id. Ep. 1, 19, 18; Ov. M. 5, 118; 6, 359; 7, 84 et saep.—Hence, also,
    b.
    A chance, an occasion, opportunity for something (esp. freq. in Sall. and Tac.):

    aetas illa multo pluris quam nostra casus mortis habet,

    Cic. Sen. 19, 67; cf.:

    mortis durae casus,

    Verg. A. 10, 791:

    aut vi aut dolis sese casum victoriae inventurum,

    Sall. J. 25, 9:

    praeclari facinoris casum dare,

    id. ib. 56, 4; so,

    si casus daretur,

    Tac. A. 1, 13; 11, 9:

    invadendae Armeniae,

    id. ib. 12, 50:

    pugnae,

    id. ib. 12, 28:

    bene gerendae rei,

    id. ib. 13, 36:

    casum adferre,

    Quint. 8, 4, 17.— Since the idea of suddenness, unexpectedness, easily passes into that of hostility, adverseness (cf. accido, 4.), casus signifies,
    2.
    Esp., an adverse event, a misfortune, mishap, calamity, = sumphora:

    meum illum casum tam horribilem, tam gravem, tam repentinum,

    Cic. Sest. 24, 53; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2; Caes. B. G. 7, 1, 4:

    dolens civitatis casum,

    Sall. C. 40, 2; cf. id. J. 14, 22; 23, 2; Liv. 37, 17, 7; 23, 22, 3; Cat. 28, 11.—Of disease:

    si alius casus lecto te adfixit,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 81; Ov. M. 4, 142; 14, 473; 15, 494:

    res minime in hujusmodi casu noxia,

    in the earthquake, Sen. Q. N. 6, 21, 2; id. Cons. ad Marc. 5, 3:

    urbis Trojanae,

    overthrow, Verg. A. 1, 623.—Hence,
    b.
    Euphemist. for death:

    Saturnini atque Gracchorum casus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 7:

    sui quemque casus per quinquennium absumpsissent,

    Liv. 23, 22, 3; Sall. J. 73, 1; Hor. S. 2, 5, 49; Suet. Aug. 65; cf. id. Caes. 89; id. Calig. 10.—
    D.
    In gram. t. t., a case in the inflection of words:

    propter eorum qui dicunt, sunt declinati casus, uti is qui de altero diceret, distinguere posset, quom vocaret, etc.,

    Varr. L. L. 8, § 16 Müll.: casus dicimus... et vocabulorum formas, Paul. ex Fest. p. 58, 11 ib.:

    ea (verba) sic et casibus et temporibus et genere et numero conservemus, ut, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 11, 40:

    barbari casus... casus rectus,

    id. Or. 48, 160; Quint. 1, 5, 61:

    obliqui,

    id. 1, 6, 22:

    nominativo, dativo, ablativo,

    id. 7, 9, 13:

    genitivo,

    id. 1, 5, 62: Latinus, sextus, i. e. the ablative, Varr. ap. Diom. p. 277 P.:

    conversi, i. e. obliqui,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64: interrogandi (i. e. genetivus), Nigid. ap. Gell. 13, 26 Hertz:

    vocandi,

    id. ib.:

    septimus,

    Quint. 1, 4, 26.
    2.
    Cāsus, i, m., a river of Albania, that flows into the Caspian Sea, Plin. 6, 13, 15, § 39; Mel. 3, 5, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > casu

  • 9 Casus

    1.
    cāsus (Ciceronis temporibus paulumque infra s geminabatur: cassus, etc., Quint. 1, 7, 20; cf.: causa, Juppiter al.; in inscr. also KASVS), ūs (dat. casu, Nep. Alcib. 6, 4), m. [cado].
    I.
    Lit., a falling (acc. to cado, I. A. and C.).
    A.
    A falling down, etc.:

    stillicidi,

    Lucr. 1, 313:

    geli,

    id. 5, 205:

    nivis,

    Liv. 21, 35, 6:

    fulminum,

    Plin. 2, 50, 51, § 135; Ov. M. 8, 259:

    celsae graviore casu Decidunt turres,

    Hor. C. 2, 10, 10.—In plur., Lucr. 2, 231.—
    B.
    A fall, an overthrow, a throwing down:

    occumbunt multi letum praecipe casu,

    Enn. Ann. 391 Vahl.: eoque ictu me ad casum dari, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 44:

    casus, quo (infantes) in terram toties deferuntur,

    Quint. 1, 12, 10; Lucr. 5, 1333:

    vehiculi,

    Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 21 al. —In plur.: cum loci Inciperent casus, i. e. the fall, destruction (by an earthquake), Ov. M. 8, 714.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    Of time, the end:

    extremae sub casum hiemis,

    Verg. G. 1, 340.—
    B.
    A moral fall, a false step, an error, fall:

    multas vias adulescentiae lubricas ostendit (natura), quibus illa insistere, aut ingredi sine casu aliquo ac prolapsione vix posset,

    Cic. Cael. 17, 41.—So of a political fall, Cic. Sest. 67, 140.—
    2.
    Esp., a fall or change from a higher to a lower condition:

    secum reputans quam gravis casus in servitium ex regno foret,

    Sall. J. 62, 9.—
    C.
    That which turns out or happens unexpectedly, an occurrence, event, accident, chance, misfortune, emergency (this most freq. in sing. and plur.):

    quid est enim aliud fors, quid fortuna, quid casus, quid eventus, nisi cum sic aliquid cecidit, sic evenit, ut vel non cadere atque evenire, vel aliter cadere atque evenire potuerit? etc.,

    Cic. Div. 2, 6, 15: quis iste tantus casus? unde tam felix concursus atomorum? cf. id. N. D. 1, 32, 90:

    novi casus temporum,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60:

    quod consilium etsi in ejusmodi casu reprehendendum non est, tamen incommode accidit,

    such an emergency, Caes. B. G. 5, 33:

    quod in ejusmodi casu accidit, periti ignaris parebant,

    Curt. 4, 3, 18; 10, 5, 8; Quint. 6, 2, 34; Tac. A. 2, 47; Liv. 24, 2, 11; 38, 8, 5: potest igitur veritatem [p. 300] casus imitari, Cic. Div. 2, 21, 49:

    quis tantam Rutulis laudem, casusne deusne, Attulerit,

    Verg. A. 12, 321:

    sive illud deorum munus sive casus fuit,

    Curt. 4, 7, 13:

    quae casus obtulerat, in sapientiam vertenda ratus,

    Tac. A. 1, 29:

    ut quemque casus armaverat,

    Sall. C. 56, 3:

    si quos locus aut casus conjunxerat,

    id. J. 97 fin.:

    in aleam tanti casus se regnumque dare,

    Liv. 42, 50, 2:

    ludibrium casūs,

    id. 30, 30, 5:

    casum potius quam consilium sequatur,

    Quint. 7, prooem. §

    3: parata ad omnes casus eloquentia,

    id. 10, 1, 2:

    bellorum,

    Tac. A. 1, 61:

    satis jam eventuum, satis casuum,

    id. ib. 2, 26:

    adversi, secundi,

    Nep. Dat. 5, 4; cf. Suet. Caes. 25; id. Oth. 9:

    magnus,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 30; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 3:

    mirificus,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 5, 2:

    mirabiles,

    Nep. Timol. 5, 1:

    rariores,

    Cic. Off. 2, 6, 19:

    dubii,

    Cat. 64, 216; Hor. S. 2, 2, 108:

    varii,

    Verg. A. 1, 204:

    subiti repentinique,

    Suet. Aug. 73.—Hence, in abl.: casu, adverbially, by chance, casually, by accident, accidentally:

    quod si haec habent aliquam talem necessitatem, quid est tandem, quod casu fieri aut forte fortunā putemus?

    Cic. Div. 2, 7, 18:

    id evenit non temere nec casu,

    id. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

    sive casu sive consilio deorum,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 12; cf. Suet. Claud. 13:

    necessitate an casu,

    Quint. 3, 6, 26:

    casu an persuasu et inductu,

    id. 5, 10, 69:

    casu an manibus impeditus,

    Tac. A. 1, 13:

    accidit casu ut legati, etc.,

    Nep. Hann. 12, 1; cf. Hor. S. 1, 6, 53; 1, 9, 36; id. Ep. 1, 19, 18; Ov. M. 5, 118; 6, 359; 7, 84 et saep.—Hence, also,
    b.
    A chance, an occasion, opportunity for something (esp. freq. in Sall. and Tac.):

    aetas illa multo pluris quam nostra casus mortis habet,

    Cic. Sen. 19, 67; cf.:

    mortis durae casus,

    Verg. A. 10, 791:

    aut vi aut dolis sese casum victoriae inventurum,

    Sall. J. 25, 9:

    praeclari facinoris casum dare,

    id. ib. 56, 4; so,

    si casus daretur,

    Tac. A. 1, 13; 11, 9:

    invadendae Armeniae,

    id. ib. 12, 50:

    pugnae,

    id. ib. 12, 28:

    bene gerendae rei,

    id. ib. 13, 36:

    casum adferre,

    Quint. 8, 4, 17.— Since the idea of suddenness, unexpectedness, easily passes into that of hostility, adverseness (cf. accido, 4.), casus signifies,
    2.
    Esp., an adverse event, a misfortune, mishap, calamity, = sumphora:

    meum illum casum tam horribilem, tam gravem, tam repentinum,

    Cic. Sest. 24, 53; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2; Caes. B. G. 7, 1, 4:

    dolens civitatis casum,

    Sall. C. 40, 2; cf. id. J. 14, 22; 23, 2; Liv. 37, 17, 7; 23, 22, 3; Cat. 28, 11.—Of disease:

    si alius casus lecto te adfixit,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 81; Ov. M. 4, 142; 14, 473; 15, 494:

    res minime in hujusmodi casu noxia,

    in the earthquake, Sen. Q. N. 6, 21, 2; id. Cons. ad Marc. 5, 3:

    urbis Trojanae,

    overthrow, Verg. A. 1, 623.—Hence,
    b.
    Euphemist. for death:

    Saturnini atque Gracchorum casus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 7:

    sui quemque casus per quinquennium absumpsissent,

    Liv. 23, 22, 3; Sall. J. 73, 1; Hor. S. 2, 5, 49; Suet. Aug. 65; cf. id. Caes. 89; id. Calig. 10.—
    D.
    In gram. t. t., a case in the inflection of words:

    propter eorum qui dicunt, sunt declinati casus, uti is qui de altero diceret, distinguere posset, quom vocaret, etc.,

    Varr. L. L. 8, § 16 Müll.: casus dicimus... et vocabulorum formas, Paul. ex Fest. p. 58, 11 ib.:

    ea (verba) sic et casibus et temporibus et genere et numero conservemus, ut, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 11, 40:

    barbari casus... casus rectus,

    id. Or. 48, 160; Quint. 1, 5, 61:

    obliqui,

    id. 1, 6, 22:

    nominativo, dativo, ablativo,

    id. 7, 9, 13:

    genitivo,

    id. 1, 5, 62: Latinus, sextus, i. e. the ablative, Varr. ap. Diom. p. 277 P.:

    conversi, i. e. obliqui,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64: interrogandi (i. e. genetivus), Nigid. ap. Gell. 13, 26 Hertz:

    vocandi,

    id. ib.:

    septimus,

    Quint. 1, 4, 26.
    2.
    Cāsus, i, m., a river of Albania, that flows into the Caspian Sea, Plin. 6, 13, 15, § 39; Mel. 3, 5, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Casus

  • 10 casus

    1.
    cāsus (Ciceronis temporibus paulumque infra s geminabatur: cassus, etc., Quint. 1, 7, 20; cf.: causa, Juppiter al.; in inscr. also KASVS), ūs (dat. casu, Nep. Alcib. 6, 4), m. [cado].
    I.
    Lit., a falling (acc. to cado, I. A. and C.).
    A.
    A falling down, etc.:

    stillicidi,

    Lucr. 1, 313:

    geli,

    id. 5, 205:

    nivis,

    Liv. 21, 35, 6:

    fulminum,

    Plin. 2, 50, 51, § 135; Ov. M. 8, 259:

    celsae graviore casu Decidunt turres,

    Hor. C. 2, 10, 10.—In plur., Lucr. 2, 231.—
    B.
    A fall, an overthrow, a throwing down:

    occumbunt multi letum praecipe casu,

    Enn. Ann. 391 Vahl.: eoque ictu me ad casum dari, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 44:

    casus, quo (infantes) in terram toties deferuntur,

    Quint. 1, 12, 10; Lucr. 5, 1333:

    vehiculi,

    Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 21 al. —In plur.: cum loci Inciperent casus, i. e. the fall, destruction (by an earthquake), Ov. M. 8, 714.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    Of time, the end:

    extremae sub casum hiemis,

    Verg. G. 1, 340.—
    B.
    A moral fall, a false step, an error, fall:

    multas vias adulescentiae lubricas ostendit (natura), quibus illa insistere, aut ingredi sine casu aliquo ac prolapsione vix posset,

    Cic. Cael. 17, 41.—So of a political fall, Cic. Sest. 67, 140.—
    2.
    Esp., a fall or change from a higher to a lower condition:

    secum reputans quam gravis casus in servitium ex regno foret,

    Sall. J. 62, 9.—
    C.
    That which turns out or happens unexpectedly, an occurrence, event, accident, chance, misfortune, emergency (this most freq. in sing. and plur.):

    quid est enim aliud fors, quid fortuna, quid casus, quid eventus, nisi cum sic aliquid cecidit, sic evenit, ut vel non cadere atque evenire, vel aliter cadere atque evenire potuerit? etc.,

    Cic. Div. 2, 6, 15: quis iste tantus casus? unde tam felix concursus atomorum? cf. id. N. D. 1, 32, 90:

    novi casus temporum,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60:

    quod consilium etsi in ejusmodi casu reprehendendum non est, tamen incommode accidit,

    such an emergency, Caes. B. G. 5, 33:

    quod in ejusmodi casu accidit, periti ignaris parebant,

    Curt. 4, 3, 18; 10, 5, 8; Quint. 6, 2, 34; Tac. A. 2, 47; Liv. 24, 2, 11; 38, 8, 5: potest igitur veritatem [p. 300] casus imitari, Cic. Div. 2, 21, 49:

    quis tantam Rutulis laudem, casusne deusne, Attulerit,

    Verg. A. 12, 321:

    sive illud deorum munus sive casus fuit,

    Curt. 4, 7, 13:

    quae casus obtulerat, in sapientiam vertenda ratus,

    Tac. A. 1, 29:

    ut quemque casus armaverat,

    Sall. C. 56, 3:

    si quos locus aut casus conjunxerat,

    id. J. 97 fin.:

    in aleam tanti casus se regnumque dare,

    Liv. 42, 50, 2:

    ludibrium casūs,

    id. 30, 30, 5:

    casum potius quam consilium sequatur,

    Quint. 7, prooem. §

    3: parata ad omnes casus eloquentia,

    id. 10, 1, 2:

    bellorum,

    Tac. A. 1, 61:

    satis jam eventuum, satis casuum,

    id. ib. 2, 26:

    adversi, secundi,

    Nep. Dat. 5, 4; cf. Suet. Caes. 25; id. Oth. 9:

    magnus,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 30; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 3:

    mirificus,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 5, 2:

    mirabiles,

    Nep. Timol. 5, 1:

    rariores,

    Cic. Off. 2, 6, 19:

    dubii,

    Cat. 64, 216; Hor. S. 2, 2, 108:

    varii,

    Verg. A. 1, 204:

    subiti repentinique,

    Suet. Aug. 73.—Hence, in abl.: casu, adverbially, by chance, casually, by accident, accidentally:

    quod si haec habent aliquam talem necessitatem, quid est tandem, quod casu fieri aut forte fortunā putemus?

    Cic. Div. 2, 7, 18:

    id evenit non temere nec casu,

    id. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

    sive casu sive consilio deorum,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 12; cf. Suet. Claud. 13:

    necessitate an casu,

    Quint. 3, 6, 26:

    casu an persuasu et inductu,

    id. 5, 10, 69:

    casu an manibus impeditus,

    Tac. A. 1, 13:

    accidit casu ut legati, etc.,

    Nep. Hann. 12, 1; cf. Hor. S. 1, 6, 53; 1, 9, 36; id. Ep. 1, 19, 18; Ov. M. 5, 118; 6, 359; 7, 84 et saep.—Hence, also,
    b.
    A chance, an occasion, opportunity for something (esp. freq. in Sall. and Tac.):

    aetas illa multo pluris quam nostra casus mortis habet,

    Cic. Sen. 19, 67; cf.:

    mortis durae casus,

    Verg. A. 10, 791:

    aut vi aut dolis sese casum victoriae inventurum,

    Sall. J. 25, 9:

    praeclari facinoris casum dare,

    id. ib. 56, 4; so,

    si casus daretur,

    Tac. A. 1, 13; 11, 9:

    invadendae Armeniae,

    id. ib. 12, 50:

    pugnae,

    id. ib. 12, 28:

    bene gerendae rei,

    id. ib. 13, 36:

    casum adferre,

    Quint. 8, 4, 17.— Since the idea of suddenness, unexpectedness, easily passes into that of hostility, adverseness (cf. accido, 4.), casus signifies,
    2.
    Esp., an adverse event, a misfortune, mishap, calamity, = sumphora:

    meum illum casum tam horribilem, tam gravem, tam repentinum,

    Cic. Sest. 24, 53; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2; Caes. B. G. 7, 1, 4:

    dolens civitatis casum,

    Sall. C. 40, 2; cf. id. J. 14, 22; 23, 2; Liv. 37, 17, 7; 23, 22, 3; Cat. 28, 11.—Of disease:

    si alius casus lecto te adfixit,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 81; Ov. M. 4, 142; 14, 473; 15, 494:

    res minime in hujusmodi casu noxia,

    in the earthquake, Sen. Q. N. 6, 21, 2; id. Cons. ad Marc. 5, 3:

    urbis Trojanae,

    overthrow, Verg. A. 1, 623.—Hence,
    b.
    Euphemist. for death:

    Saturnini atque Gracchorum casus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 7:

    sui quemque casus per quinquennium absumpsissent,

    Liv. 23, 22, 3; Sall. J. 73, 1; Hor. S. 2, 5, 49; Suet. Aug. 65; cf. id. Caes. 89; id. Calig. 10.—
    D.
    In gram. t. t., a case in the inflection of words:

    propter eorum qui dicunt, sunt declinati casus, uti is qui de altero diceret, distinguere posset, quom vocaret, etc.,

    Varr. L. L. 8, § 16 Müll.: casus dicimus... et vocabulorum formas, Paul. ex Fest. p. 58, 11 ib.:

    ea (verba) sic et casibus et temporibus et genere et numero conservemus, ut, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 11, 40:

    barbari casus... casus rectus,

    id. Or. 48, 160; Quint. 1, 5, 61:

    obliqui,

    id. 1, 6, 22:

    nominativo, dativo, ablativo,

    id. 7, 9, 13:

    genitivo,

    id. 1, 5, 62: Latinus, sextus, i. e. the ablative, Varr. ap. Diom. p. 277 P.:

    conversi, i. e. obliqui,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64: interrogandi (i. e. genetivus), Nigid. ap. Gell. 13, 26 Hertz:

    vocandi,

    id. ib.:

    septimus,

    Quint. 1, 4, 26.
    2.
    Cāsus, i, m., a river of Albania, that flows into the Caspian Sea, Plin. 6, 13, 15, § 39; Mel. 3, 5, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > casus

  • 11 eventus

    ēventus, ūs, m. [evenio, II.].
    I.
    An occurrence, accident, event; fortune, fate, lot (rare but class.):

    mihi a peritis in Asia praedictum est, fore eos eventus rerum qui acciderunt,

    Cic. Div. 1, 28:

    in incerto reliqui temporis eventu,

    id. Quint. 26, 83; Tac. Agr. 22; id. A. 2, 26:

    maerere hoc ejus (sc. Scipionis) eventu, vereor ne invidi magis quam amici sit,

    Cic. Lael. 4, 14:

    militum,

    Liv. 7, 26; cf. id. 7, 8; 8, 7 al.:

    navium suarum,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 31:

    patriae,

    Liv. 33, 48 et saep.:

    quid reliquis acciderit, qui quosque eventus exciperent,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 21 fin.; cf. id. ib. 2, 5 fin. —Far more freq.,
    II.
    The ( lucky or unlucky) issue, consequence, result of an action (for syn. cf.: eventum, exitus, successus), in sing. and plur.:

    eventus est alicujus exitus negotii,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 28, 42:

    in rebus magnis memoriaque dignis consilia primum, deinde acta, postea eventus exspectantur,

    id. de Or. 2, 15, 63: etiam amplissimorum virorum consilia ex eventu, non ex voluntate a plerisque probari solent, Balbus et Oppius ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7 A:

    sceleris est poena tristis, et praeter eos eventus, qui sequuntur, per se ipsa maxima est,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 17, 43 et saep.: semper ad eventum festinat (poëta), to the end, issue, event, Hor. A. P. 148:

    interim rei eventum experiri,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 3 fin.; so with gen.:

    belli,

    id. ib. 6, 42, 1; id. B. C. 1, 53 fin.; 2, 32, 10:

    pugnae,

    id. B. G. 7, 49 fin.:

    ejus diei,

    id. B. C. 3, 96, 1:

    orationis,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 120:

    dicendi,

    id. ib. 1, 27, 123 et saep.—

    Prov.: eventus docet... stultorum iste magister est,

    Liv. 22, 39.—
    B.
    Esp., good fortune, success:

    egi ego pro Vareno non sine eventu,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 20, 2:

    atque illi modo cauti prompti post eventum ac magniloqui erant,

    Tac. Agr. 27: cf.:

    satis jam eventuum, satis casuum,

    id. A. 2, 26.—
    C.
    Personified:

    Bonus Eventus,

    Good Success, a guardian deity of the Roman husbandmen, Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 6; Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 77; Inscr. Orell. 1780 sq.; in the dat. also:

    BONO EVENTO,

    ib. 1783; cf.:

    DEO SANCTO EVENTO,

    ib. 1785.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > eventus

  • 12 ceterus

    cētĕrus ( caet-), a, um (the nom. sing. masc. not in use; the sing., in gen., rare; in Cic. perh. only three times), adj. [pronom. stem ki, and compar. ending; cf. heteros], the other, that which exists besides, can be added to what is already named of a like kind with it; the other part (while reliquus is that which yet remains of an object, the rest;

    e. g. stipendium pendere et cetera indigna pati,

    and endured other indignities of the kind, Liv. 21, 20, 6. On the other hand:

    jam vero reliqua—not cetera —quarta pars mundi ea et ipsa totā naturā fervida est, et ceteris naturis omnibus salutarem impertit et vitalem calorem,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 10, 27; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 33; Doed. Syn. 1, p. 83. Still these ideas, esp. after the Aug. per., are often confounded, and the Engl., the remainder, the rest, and the adverb. phrase for the rest, etc., can be used interchangeably for both words).
    1.
    Sing.
    a.
    Masc.:

    si vestem et ceterum ornatum muliebrem pretii majoris habeat,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 51 (also in Quint. 5, 11, 28); Nep. Dat. 3, 1:

    laeta et imperatori ceteroque exercitui,

    Liv. 28, 4, 1:

    vestitu calciatuque et cetero habitu,

    Suet. Calig. 52: illos milites subduxit, exercitum ceterum servavit, Cato ap. Gell. 3, 7, 19:

    cohortes veteranas in fronte, post eas ceterum exercitum in subsidiis locat,

    Sall. C. 59, 5:

    a cetero exercitu,

    Curt. 5, 9, 11; Tac. Agr. 17; Suet. Galb. 20 fin.:

    de cetero numero candidatorum,

    id. Caes. 41.—
    b.
    Fem.:

    cetera jurisdictio,

    Cic. Att. 6, 2, 5:

    vita,

    Sall. C. 52, 31:

    aetas,

    Verg. G. 3, 62:

    nox,

    Ov. M. 12, 579:

    silva,

    id. ib. 8, 750:

    turba,

    id. ib. 3, 236; 12, 286; Hor. S. 2, 8, 26:

    classis,

    Liv. 35, 26, 9:

    deprecatio,

    id. 42, 48, 3; 21, 7, 7:

    inter ceteram planitiem mons,

    Sall. J. 92, 5:

    Graeciam,

    Nep. Paus. 2, 4:

    aciem,

    Liv. 6, 8, 6:

    multitudinem,

    id. 35, 30, 8:

    (super) turbam,

    Suet. Calig. 26:

    manum procerum,

    Tac. Or. 37:

    pro ceterā ejus audaciā atque amentiā,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 2, § 6:

    pluviā (aquā) utebantur,

    Sall. J. 89, 6:

    ceterā (ex) copiā militum,

    Liv. 35, 30, 9; Plin. Ep. 2, 16, 1:

    ceterā (pro) reverentiā,

    id. ib. 3, 8, 1:

    ceterā (cum) turbā,

    Suet. Claud. 12 al. —
    c.
    Neutr.:

    cum a pecu cetero absunt,

    Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 20:

    non abhorret a cetero scelere,

    Liv. 1, 48, 5; Suet. Aug. 24:

    cetero (e) genere hominum,

    id. ib. 57:

    quanto violentior cetero mari Oceanus,

    Tac. A. 2, 24 al. — Subst.: cētĕ-rum, i, n., the rest:

    elocuta sum convivas, ceterum cura tu,

    Plaut. Men. 1, 4, 6:

    ceterum omne incensum est,

    Liv. 22, 20, 6; so,

    de cetero,

    as for the rest, Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 26; Curt. 4, 1, 14 al.;

    and in ceterum,

    for the rest, for the future, Sen. Ep. 78, 15.—
    2.
    Plur., the rest, the others (freq. in all periods and species of composition):

    de reliquis nihil melius ipso est: ceteri et cetera ejus modi, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 5:

    multae sunt insidiae bonis nosti cetera,

    id. Planc. 24, 59; id. Fat. 13, 29:

    cetera de genere hoc, adeo sunt multa, etc.,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 13; Lucr. 5, 38:

    ut omittam cetera,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 18:

    ibi Amineum... Lucanum serito, ceterae vites in quemvis agrum conveniunt,

    Cato, R. R. 6, 4:

    quam fortunatus ceteris sim rebus, absque una hac foret,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 25: nam ceteri fere, qui artem orandi litteris tradiderunt, ita sunt exorsi, quasi, etc., Quint. prooem. § 4; id. 10, 1, 80:

    ceterae partes loquentem adjuvant, hae ipsae loquuntur,

    id. 11, 3, 85:

    sane ceterarum rerum pater familias et prudens et attentus, unā in re paulo minus consideratus,

    Cic. Quint. 3, 11:

    hanc inter ceteras vocem,

    Quint. 9, 4, 55: de justitiā, fortitudine, temperantiā ceterisque similibus, id. prooem. § 12; 3, 5, 5;

    2, 4, 38: ego ceteris laetus, hoc uno torqueor,

    Curt. 6, 5, 3.—
    b.
    Et cetera ceteraque or cetera, and so forth, kai ta hexês, when one refers to a well-known object with only a few words, or mentions only a few from a great number of objects, Cic. de Or. 2, 32, 141:

    ut illud Scipionis, Agas asellum et cetera,

    id. ib. 2, 64, 258; id. Top. 6, 30; 11, 48; id. Tusc. 2, 17, 39; id. Att. 2, 19, 3:

    et similiter cetera,

    Quint. 4, 1, 14:

    vina ceteraque,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 36, § 91; Curt. 3, 4, 10:

    solem, lunam, mare, cetera,

    Lucr. 2, 1085:

    fundum, aedes, parietem, supellectilem, penus, cetera,

    Cic. Top. 5. 27.—
    II.
    Hence, the advv.,
    A.
    cē-tĕrum (orig. acc. respectiv.), lit. that which relates to the other, the rest (besides what has been mentioned).
    1.
    For the rest, in other respects, otherwise (in good prose):

    nihil, nisi ut ametis impero: Ceterum quantum lubet me poscitote aurum, ego dabo,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 52: tu aurum rogato: ceterum ( for the rest, in respect to the rest) verbum sat est, id. ib. 4, 8, 37: precator, qui mihi sic oret: nunc amitte quaeso hunc;

    ceterum Posthac si quicquam, nil precor,

    Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 91:

    ego me in Cumano et Pompeiano, praeterquam quod sine te, ceterum satis commode oblectabam,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 12 (14), 1:

    foedera alia aliis legibus, ceterum eodem modo omnia fiunt,

    Liv. 1, 24, 3; cf. Sall. J. 2, 4; 75, 3; Nep. Eum. 8, 5; Curt. 4, 1, 18.—Rarely after the verb: argentum accepi;

    nil curavi ceterum,

    Plaut. Capt. 5, 3, 12: numquid me vis ceterum? id. Ep. 4, 2, 76.—
    2.
    = alioquin, introducing a conclusion contrary to fact (mostly post-class.), otherwise, else, in the opposite event, = Gr. allôs: non enim cogitaras;

    ceterum Idem hoc melius invenisses,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 62:

    ita et anima... solam vim ejus exprimere non valuit,... ceterum non esset anima, sed spiritus,

    Tert. adv. Marc. 2, 9; App. M. 7, p. 200, 33; Dig. 4, 4, 7, § 2 al.—
    3.
    In passing to another thought, besides, for the rest; very freq. (esp. in the histt.; usu. placed at the beginning of a new clause;

    only in the comic poets in the middle): Filium tuom te meliust repetere, Ceterum uxorem abduce ex aedibus,

    Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 73; Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 31; Sall. J. 4, 1; 20, 8; 29, 2; Quint. 6, 1, 8; 8, 6, 51; 9, 2, 14 al.; Suet. Caes. 4; 16; id. Tib. 42; id. Claud. 1; Curt. 3, 1, 4; 3, 3, 7; 3, 6, 13; Col. 8, 8, 5:

    dehinc ceterum valete,

    Plaut. Poen. prol. 125; cf. id. ib. 91. —
    4.
    With a restricting force, commonly contrasted with quidem or a neg. phrase; often to be translated by but, yet, notwithstanding, still, on the other hand (esp. freq. since the Aug. per.):

    cum haud cuiquam in dubio esset, bellum ab Tarquiniis imminere, id quidem spe omnium serius fuit: ceterum, id quod non timebant, per dolum ac proditionem prope libertas amissa est,

    Liv. 2, 3, 1; Plin. Pan. 5, 4; Flor. 3, 1, 11; Suet. Aug. 8; 66; id. Tib. 61 fin.; id. Gram. 4 al.:

    eos multum laboris suscipere, ceterum ex omnibus maxume tutos esse,

    Sall. J. 14, 12:

    avidus potentiae, honoris, divitiarum, ceterum vitia sua callide occultans,

    id. ib. 15, 3; 52, 1; 83, 1; id. C. 51, 26:

    eo rem se vetustate oblitteratam, ceterum suae memoriae infixam adferre,

    Liv. 3, 71, 6:

    id quamquam, nihil portendentibus diis, ceterum neglegentia humana acciderat, tamen, etc.,

    id. 28, 11, 7; 9, 21, 1; 21, 6, 1 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    ut quisquis factus est princeps, extemplo fama ejus, incertum bona an mala, ceterum aeterna est,

    Plin. Pan. 55, 9:

    pauca repetundarum crimina, ceterum magicas superstitiones objectabat,

    Tac. A. 12, 59; cf. Liv. 3, 40, 11.—
    B.
    cē-tĕra (properly acc. plur.), = talla, ta loipa, as for the rest, otherwise; with adjj., and (in poets) with verbs (not found in Cic. or Quint.).
    (α).
    With adj.:

    Bocchus praeter nomen cetera ignarus populi Romani,

    Sall. J. 19, 7:

    hastile cetera teres praeterquam ad extremum,

    Liv. 21, 8, 10:

    excepto quod non simul esses, cetera laetus,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 50 (cf. the passage cited under ceterum, II. A. 1. fin., Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 12 (14), 1):

    cetera Graius,

    Verg. A. 3, 594 (so prob. also Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 3, where others read ad cetera):

    virum cetera egregium secuta,

    Liv. 1, 35, 6:

    vir cetera sanctissimus,

    Vell. 2, 46, 2 Ruhnk.; Plin. 8, 15, 16, § 40; 12, 6, 13, § 25; 22, 25, 64, § 133; Tac. G. 29.—
    (β).
    With verbs: cetera, quos peperisti, ne cures, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 9, 656:

    quiescas cetera,

    Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 53:

    cetera parce, puer, bello,

    Verg. A. 9, 656; cf. Sil. 17, 286:

    cetera non latet hostis,

    id. 2, 332; Mart. 13, 84.—
    C.
    cētĕrō, peculiar to the Nat. Hist. of Pliny, for the rest, in other respects, otherwise:

    cetero viri quam feminae majus,

    Plin. 11, 37, 49, § 133; so id. 3, 11, 16, § 105; 6, 26, 30, § 122; 8, 3, 4, § 7;

    10, 1, 1, § 1 al.: est et alia iritis cetero similis, at praedura,

    id. 37, 9, 52, § 138.—

    Of time: palumbes incubat femina post meridiana in matutinum, cetero mas,

    id. 10, 58, 79, § 159.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ceterus

  • 13 res

    rēs, rei (rēi with e long; gen., Lucr. 2, 112; 548; 6, 918; dat., id. 1, 688; 2, 236; rei, gen., monosyl. at the end of the verse, Lucr. 3, 918;

    and in the middle of the verse,

    id. 4, 885, and Poët. ap. Lact. 6, 6), f. [ etym. dub.; perh. root ra- of reor, ratus; cf. Germ. Ding; Engl. thing, from denken, to think; prop., that which is thought of; cf. also logos, Lid. and Scott, 9], a thing, object, being; a matter, affair, event, fact, circumstance, occurrence, deed, condition, case, etc.; and sometimes merely = something (cf.: causa, ratio, negotium).
    I.
    In gen.:

    unde initum primum capiat res quaeque movendi,

    Lucr. 1, 383; cf. id. 1, 536:

    in partes res quaeque minutas Distrahitur,

    id. 2, 826: summe Sol, qui omnes res inspicis, Enn. ap. Prob. Verg. E. 6, 31 (Trag. v. 321 Vahl.):

    versus, quos ego de Rerum Naturā pangere conor,

    Lucr. 1, 25; cf. id. 1, 126; 5, 54:

    rerum natura creatrix,

    id. 2, 1117:

    divinarum humanarumque rerum, tum initiorum causarumque cujusque rei cognitio,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 7 (v. divinus):

    haeret haec res,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 182:

    profecto, ut loquor, ita res est,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 19:

    haud mentior, resque uti facta dico,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 23:

    de Alcumenā ut rem teneatis rectius,

    id. ib. prol. 110:

    in tantis rebus (sc. in re publicā defendendā),

    Cic. Rep. 1, 3, 4 et saep.:

    quo Averna vocantur nomine, id ab re Impositum est, quia sunt avibus contraria cunctis,

    from the nature of the thing, Lucr. 6, 740; cf. id. 6, 424; Liv. 1, 17:

    si res postulabit,

    the condition of the case, Cic. Lael. 13, 44: scaena rei totius haec, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 11, 3:

    fugam in se nemo convertitur Nec recedit loco, quin statim rem gerat,

    does his duty, stands his ground, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 84; so, res gerere, v. gero; hence, too, rerum scriptor, for a historian, v. scriptor, and cf. II. H. infra.—
    B.
    With adj. of quality, to express condition, etc.:

    illic homo a me sibi malam rem arcessit,

    is bringing a bad business on himself, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 171; so,

    res mala,

    a wretched condition, Sall. C. 20, 13; and more freq. in plur.:

    bonis tuis rebus meas res irrides malas,

    circumstances, condition, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45; id. Rud. 3, 3, 12:

    res secundae,

    good fortune, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30; cf. Liv. 3, 9:

    res prosperae,

    Nep. Dion, 6, 1; id. Eum. 5, 1:

    in secundissimis rebus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 26, 91:

    adversae res,

    id. ib. 1, 26, 90; Hor. S. 2, 2, 136; 2, 8, 73:

    res belli adversae,

    Liv. 10, 6:

    res dubiae,

    Sall. C. 10, 2; 39, 3; Liv. 2, 50; 7, 30;

    v. bonus, florens, salvus, adversus, dubius, novus, arduus, etc.— Freq. in curses, etc.: in malam rem,

    go to the bad, Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 37; id. And. 2, 1, 17:

    malam rem hinc ibis?

    id. Eun. 3, 3, 30.—
    C.
    With an adj. in a periphrasis:

    abhorrens ab re uxoriā,

    matrimony, Ter. And. 5, 1, 10:

    in arbitrio rei uxoriae,

    dowry, Cic. Off. 1, 15, 61:

    rem divinam nisi compitalibus... ne faciat,

    a religious act, act of worship, a sacrifice, Cato, R. R. 5, 4:

    bellicam rem administrari majores nostri nisi auspicato noluerunt,

    Cic. Div. 2, 36, 76; Hor. C. 4, 3, 6:

    erat ei pecuaria res ampla et rustica,

    Cic. Quint. 3, 12: res rustica, agriculture:

    rei rusticae libro primo,

    Col. 11, 1, 2; id. 1, praef. §

    19: liber, quem de rebus rusticis scripsi,

    Cic. Sen. 15, 54:

    navalis rei certamina,

    naval battles, Amm. 26, 3, 5:

    res militaris,

    Cic. Rab. Post. 1, 2:

    rei militaris gloria,

    id. Mur. 9, 22; Nep. Milt. 8, 4:

    res frumentaria,

    forage, Caes. B. C. 3, 16; id. B. G. 1, 23; 4, 7:

    armatae rei scientissimus,

    Amm. 25, 4, 7:

    peritus aquariae rei,

    id. 28, 2, 2:

    res judicaria,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 12, § 31:

    res ludicra,

    play, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 180:

    uti rebus veneriis,

    Cic. Sen. 14, 47; Nep. Alc. 11, 4:

    res Veneris,

    Lucr. 2, 173; Ov. R. Am. 431; v. also familiaris, judiciaria, militaris, navalis, etc., and cf. II. G. infra. —
    D.
    With pronouns or adjectives, as an emphatic periphrase for the neutr.:

    ibi me inclamat Alcumena: jam ea res me horrore afficit,

    this now, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 16; cf.: De. Estne hoc, ut dico? Li. Rectam instas viam:

    Ea res est,

    it is even so, id. As. 1, 1, 40:

    de fratre confido ita esse ut semper volui. Multa signa sunt ejus rei,

    of it, Cic. Att. 1, 10, 5: quos (melittônas) alii melittotropheia appellant, eandem rem quidam mellaria. Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 12:

    sunt ex te quae scitari volo, Quarum rerum, etc.,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 13; cf. Caes. B. G. 3, 4:

    quibus de rebus quoniam nobis contigit ut aliquid essemus consecuti,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 8, 13:

    quā super re interfectum esse Hippotem dixisti? Pac. ap. Fest. s. v. superescit, p. 244: resciscet Amphitruo rem omnem,

    every thing, all, Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 30:

    nulla res tam delirantes homines concinat cito,

    nothing, id. Am. 2, 2, 96; cf.:

    neque est ulla res, in quā, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12; 1, 5, 9; cf.

    also: sumptu ne parcas ullā in re, quod ad valetudinem opus sit,

    id. Fam. 16, 4, 2:

    magna res principio statim bello,

    a great thing, a great advantage, Liv. 31, 23 fin.:

    nil admirari prope res est una Solaque, quae, etc.,

    the only thing, only means, Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 1 et saep. — Emphatically with sup.:

    scilicet rerum facta est pulcherrima Roma,

    the most beautiful thing in the world, Verg. G. 2, 534; Quint. 1, 12, 16 Spald. p. 81. —

    Of persons, etc.: est genus hominum, qui esse primos se omnium rerum volunt,

    Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17:

    maxime rerum,

    Ov. H. 9, 107; cf.:

    maxima rerum Roma,

    Verg. A. 7, 602; Ov. M. 13, 508:

    fortissima rerum animalia,

    id. ib. 12, 502:

    pulcherrime rerum,

    id. H. 4, 125; id. A. A. 1, 213; id. M. 8, 49:

    dulcissime rerum,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 4.—
    E.
    In adverb. phrases:

    e re natā melius fieri haud potuit,

    after what has happened, Ter. Ad. 3, 1, 8:

    pro re natā,

    according to circumstances, Cic. Att. 7, 8, 2; 14, 6, 1:

    pro tempore et pro re,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 8:

    factis benignus pro re,

    according to circumstances, Liv. 7, 33, 3; Sall. J. 50, 2:

    pro re pauca loquar,

    Verg. A. 4, 337; Lucr. 6, 1280:

    ex re et ex tempore,

    Cic. Fam. 12, 19, 3:

    e re respondi,

    Cat. 10, 8.
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    Pregn., an actual thing, the thing itself, reality, truth, fact; opposed to appearance, mere talk, the mere name of a thing:

    ecastor, re experior, quanti facias uxorem tuam,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 10:

    desiste dictis nunc jam miseram me consolari: Nisi quid re praesidium apparas, etc.,

    id. Rud. 3, 3, 21: rem ipsam loqui. Ter. And. 1, 2, 31:

    rem fabulari,

    Plaut. Trin 2, 4, 87:

    nihil est aliud in re,

    in fact, Liv. 10, 8, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    se ipsa res aperit,

    Nep. Paus. 3, 7:

    ex re decerpere fructus,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 79;

    opp. verbum, vox, opinio, spes, nomen, etc.: rem opinor spectari oportere, non verba,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; cf.: te rogo, ut rem potiorem oratione ducas, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 5:

    non modo res omnes, sed etiam rumores cognoscamus,

    Cic. Att. 5, 5, 1:

    qui hos deos non re, sed opinione esse dicunt,

    id. N. D. 3, 21, 53:

    Peripateticos et Academicos nominibus differentes, re congruentes,

    id. Ac. 2, 5, 15:

    quod nos honestum, illi vanum... verbis quam re probabilius vocant,

    Quint. 3, 8, 22; Sen. Ep. 120, 9:

    eum, tametsi verbo non audeat, tamen re ipsā de maleficio suo confiteri,

    id. Rosc. Am. 42, 123; cf. Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 15:

    vides quantum distet argumentatio tua ab re ipsā atque a veritate,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 44. — Hence, abl. sing., often strengthened by verā (sometimes as one word, reverā), in fact, really, in truth, indeed, in reality:

    haec ille, si verbis non audet, re quidem verā palam loquitur,

    Cic. Quint. 17, 56; so,

    re quidem verā,

    id. Clu. 19, 54; id. Sest. 7, 15:

    re autem verā,

    id. Fam. 1, 4, 2;

    and simply re verā,

    id. Quint. 2, 7; id. Div. 2, 54, 110; id. Balb. 3, 7:

    re verāque,

    Lucr. 2, 48; cf.:

    et re verā,

    indeed, in fact, Cic. Fam. 3, 5, 1; Liv. 33, 11, 3; 35, 31, 12; 36, 6, 1; Nep. Ages. 2, 3; id. Phoc. 3, 3; Curt. 3, 13, 5; 4, 16, 19; Val. Max. 9, 13, ext. 1; Just. 5, 1, 8; 12, 13, 10; Plin. Ep. 6, 33, 1.—
    B.
    Effects, substance, property, possessions:

    mihi Chrysalus Perdidit filium, me atque rem omnem Meam,

    Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 26; cf.: Ph. Habuitne rem? Ly. Habuit. Ph. Qui eam perdidit... Mercaturamne an venales habuit, ubi rem perdidit? id. Trin. 2, 2, 49 sq.:

    quibus et re salvā et perditā profueram,

    Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 27:

    rem talentum decem,

    id. Phorm. 2, 3, 46; Juv. 3, 16:

    avidior ad rem,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51:

    rem facere,

    to make money, Cic. Att. 2, 2, 12:

    res eos jampridem, fides deficere nuper coepit,

    id. Cat. 2, 5, [p. 1576] 10:

    qui duo patrimonia accepisset remque praeterea bonis et honestis rationibus auxisset,

    id. Rab. Post. 14, 38:

    libertino natum patre et in tenui re,

    in narrow circumstances, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 20 et saep.; v. also familiaris.— In plur.: quantis opibus, quibus de rebus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 396 Vahl.):

    privatae res,

    Cic. Att. 9, 7, 5.—
    2.
    Hence, law t. t., whatever may be the subject of a right, whether corporeal or incorporeal (v. Sandars, Introd. to Just. Inst. p. 42 sqq.):

    res corporales,

    Just. Inst. 2, 2, 1 sq.; Gai. Inst. 2, 12; Dig. 1, 8, 1:

    res in patrimonio, res extra patrimonium,

    Just. Inst. 2, 1 pr.; Gai. Inst. 2, 1:

    res sanctae,

    Just. Inst. 2, 1, 10; v. also mancipium, privatus, etc.—
    C.
    Benefit, profit, advantage, interest, weal:

    res magis quaeritur, quam, etc.,

    Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 6:

    melius illi consulas quam rei tuae,

    id. Cist. 1, 1, 98:

    haec tuā re feceris,

    to your advantage, id. Capt. 2, 2, 46.— Most freq. with the prepositions in, ex, ob, ab, etc.:

    quasi istic minor mea res agatur quam tua,

    is interested, affected, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 113 (v. ago):

    si in rem tuam esse videatur,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 2:

    vide si hoc in rem deputas,

    id. ib. 3, 3, 19:

    quod in rem recte conducat tuam,

    id. Capt. 2, 3, 26:

    si in remst utrique,

    Ter. And. 3, 3, 14:

    quid mihi melius est, quid magis in rem est, quam? etc.,

    useful, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 1:

    tamen in rem fore credens universos adpellare,

    Sall. C. 20, 1:

    omnia quae in rem videbantur esse,

    Curt. 6, 2, 21:

    ad conparanda ea quae in rem erant,

    Liv. 30, 4, 6:

    imperat quae in rem sunt,

    id. 26, 44, 7; 22, 3, 2:

    ex tuā re non est, ut ego emoriar,

    for your advantage, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 102: An. Non pudet Vanitatis? Do. Minime, dum ob rem, to the purpose, with advantage, Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 41: ob rem facere, usefully, with advantage or profit, Sall. J. 31, 5: subdole blanditur, ab re Consulit blandiloquentulus, contrary to his interest, i. e. to his injury, Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12 Brix ad loc.:

    haud id est ab re aucupis,

    id. As. 1, 3, 71:

    haec haud ab re duxi referre,

    Liv. 8, 11, 1:

    non ab re esse Quinctio visum est interesse, etc.,

    id. 35, 32, 6; Plin. 27, 8, 35, § 57; Suet. Aug. 94; Gell. 18, 4, 6; 1, 26, 4; Macr. S. 1, 4, 19.—
    D.
    Cause, reason, ground, account; only in the connection eā (hac) re, and eam ob rem, adverb., therefore, on that account:

    eā re tot res sunt, ubi bene deicias,

    Cato, R. R. 158, 2:

    hac re nequeunt ex omnibus omnia gigni, Quod, etc.,

    Lucr. 1, 172; cf.:

    illud eā re a se esse concessum, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 34, 111:

    patrem exoravi, tibi ne noceat, neu quid ob eam rem succenseat,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 39; cf.:

    quoi rei?

    for what purpose? id. As. 3, 2, 43; id. Poen. 2, 3, 3.—Hence (by uniting into one word) the causal adverbs quare and quamobrem, v. h. vv.—
    E.
    An affair, matter of business, business:

    cum et de societate inter se multa communicarent et de totā illā ratione atque re Gallicanā,

    Cic. Quint. 4, 15:

    rem cum aliquo transigere,

    id. Clu. 13, 39. —

    Hence, transf., in gen.: res alicui est cum aliquo,

    to have to do with any one, Cic. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Sest. 16, 37; id. Fam. 9, 20, 2; Caes. B. G. 7, 77; cf.:

    famigeratori res sit cum damno et malo,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 182 Brix ad loc.— Also without a dat.:

    quoniam cum senatore res est,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 3;

    esp., in mal. part.: rem habere cum aliquo or aliquā,

    to have to do with any one, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 35; id. Merc. 3, 1, 37; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 39; 58. —Ellipt.:

    jam biennium est, quom mecum rem coepit,

    Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 15. —
    F.
    A case in law, a lawsuit, cause, suit (more gen. than causa):

    ubi res prolatae sunt,

    Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 10:

    res agi,

    id. Men. 4, 2, 19; id. Aul. 3, 4, 13:

    quibus res erat in controversiā, ea vocabatur lis,

    Varr. L. L. 7, § 93; cf.

    (prob. in allusion to this legal form): tot homines... statuere non potuisse, utrum diem tertium an perendinum... rem an litem dici oporteret,

    Cic. Mur. 12, 27; cf.

    also: quarum rerum litium causarum condixit pater patratus, etc., an ancient formula,

    Liv. 1, 32:

    de rebus ab aliquo cognitis judicatisque dicere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 118:

    pecunias capere ob rem judicandam,

    id. Fin. 2, 16, 54:

    si res certabitur olim,

    Hor. S. 2, 5, 27; 1, 10, 15; 1, 9, 41; id. Ep. 1, 16, 43:

    tractu temporis futurum, ut res pereat,

    Dig. 3, 3, 12:

    rem differre,

    ib. 43, 30, 3: res judicata dicitur, quae finem controversiarum pronuntiatione judicis accipit, ib. 42, 1, 1 et saep.—
    G.
    An affair, esp. a battle, campaign, military operations; in phrase rem (or res) gerere:

    res gesta virtute,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 23, 66:

    ut res gesta est ordine narrare,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 5, 3:

    his rebus gestis,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 8:

    res gerere,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 33:

    rem bene gerere,

    id. ib. 1, 8, 1; Ter. Ad. 5, 1, 13:

    comminus rem gerunt,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 44:

    res gestae,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 7; 2, 1, 251:

    adversus duos simul rem gerere,

    Liv. 21, 60:

    rem male gerere,

    Nep. Them. 3, 3; Hor. S. 2, 3, 74:

    in relatione rerum ab Scythis gestarum,

    Just. 2, 1, 1; cf.:

    rem agere,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 4; id. A. P. 82:

    ante rem,

    before the battle, Liv. 4, 40:

    cum Thebanis sibi rem esse existimant,

    Nep. Pel. 1, 3; Cic. Sest. 16, 37.—
    H.
    Acts, events, as the subject of narration, a story, history:

    res in unam sententiam scripta,

    Auct. Her. 1, 12, 20:

    cui lecta potenter erit res,

    Hor. A. P. 40; id. S. 1, 10, 57; id. Ep. 1, 19, 29:

    in medias res auditorem rapere,

    id. A. P. 148; 310:

    agitur res in scaenis,

    id. ib. 179; cf.:

    numeros animosque secutus, non res,

    id. Ep. 1, 19, 25; Phaedr. 5, 1, 12:

    sicut in rebus ejus (Neronis) exposuimus,

    Plin. 2, 83, 85, § 199:

    litterae, quibus non modo res omnis, sed etiam rumores cognoscamus,

    Cic. Att. 5, 5, 1:

    res populi Romani perscribere, Liv. praef. § 1: res Persicae,

    history, Nep. Con. 5, 4; id. Cat. 3, 2.—
    K.
    Res publica, also as one word, respublica, the common weal, a commonwealth, state, republic (cf. civitas); also, civil affairs, administration, or power, etc.: qui pro republicā, non pro suā obsonat, Cato ap. Ruf. 18, p. 210; cf.:

    erat tuae virtutis, in minimis tuas res ponere, de re publicā vehementius laborare,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 3:

    dummodo ista privata sit calamitas et a rei publicae periculis sejungatur,

    id. Cat. 1, 9; cf.:

    si re publicā non possis frui, stultum est nolle privatā,

    id. Fam. 4, 9, 4:

    egestates tot egentissimorum hominum nec privatas posse res nec rem publicam sustinere,

    id. Att. 9, 7, 5 (v. publicus); Cato ap. Gell. 10, 14, 3: auguratum est, rem Romanam publicam summam fore, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 45:

    quo utiliores rebus suis publicis essent,

    Cic. Off. 1, 44, 155:

    commutata ratio est rei totius publicae,

    id. Att. 1, 8, 4: pro republicā niti, Cato ap. Charis. p. 196 fin.:

    merere de republicā,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 40:

    de re publicā disputatio... dubitationem ad rem publicam adeundi tollere, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

    oppugnare rem publicam,

    id. Cael. 1, 1; id. Har. Resp. 8, 15; id. Sest. 23, 52:

    paene victā re publicā,

    id. Fam. 12, 13, 1:

    delere rem publicam,

    id. Sest. 15, 33; Lact. 6, 18, 28.—Esp. in the phrase e re publicā, for the good of the State, for the public benefit:

    senatūs consultis bene et e re publicā factis,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 12, 30:

    ea si dicam non esse e re publicā dividi,

    id. Fam. 13, 8, 2; id. Mil. 5, 14; Liv. 8, 4, 12; 25, 7, 4; 34, 34, 9; Suet. Rhet. 1 init. —Post-class. and rare, also ex republicā, Gell. 6, 3, 47; 11, 9, 1;

    but exque is used for euphony (class.): id eum recte atque ordine exque re publicā fecisse,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 38; 5, 13, 36; 10, 11, 26.— In plur.:

    eae nationes respublicas suas amiserunt, C. Gracch. ap. Fest. s. h. v. p. 286 Müll.: hoc loquor de tribus his generibus rerum publicarum,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 28, 44:

    circuitus in rebus publicis commutationum,

    id. ib. 1, 29, 45 et saep.—
    2.
    Sometimes simply res, the State (in the poets, and since the Aug. per. in prose): unus homo nobis cunctando restituit rem, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 24, 84 (Ann. v. 313 Vahl.):

    hic (Marcellus) rem Romanam sistet,

    Verg. A. 6, 858; cf.:

    nec rem Romanam tam desidem umquam fuisse,

    Liv. 21, 16; 1, 28:

    parva ista non contemnendo majores nostri maximam hanc rem fecerunt,

    id. 6, 41 fin.:

    Romana,

    Hor. C. S. 66; id. Ep. 1, 12, 25; Ov. M. 14, 809; Sall. C. 6, 3; cf.:

    ut paulo ante animum inter Fidenatem Romanamque rem ancipitem gessisti,

    Liv. 1, 28 fin.:

    Albana,

    id. 1, 6.— In plur.:

    res Asiae evertere,

    Verg. A. 3, 1:

    custode rerum Caesare,

    Hor. C. 4, 15, 17; cf.:

    res sine discordiā translatae,

    Tac. H. 1, 29; so (also in Cic.), rerum potiri, v. potior. —
    L.
    Res novae, political changes, a revolution, etc.; v. novus.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > res

  • 14 tunc

    tunc, adv. demonstr., of time [tum, and demonstr. suffix -ce], then, at that time; but in ante-class. and class. prose tunc is always emphatic, and generally refers to a point of time. In post-Aug. style tunc freq. occurs without emphasis, and is freely used of periods of time. Tunc = deinde occurs first in the class. per. and rarely in prose; but is very freq. after the Aug. per. Tunc in mere co-ordinative use is very rare and not ante-class. (v. I. C.). Tunc coupled with an emphatic or temporal particle is very rare in class. prose, but freq. in the postAug. period. Poets often use tunc instead of tum before vowels for the sake of the metre. In general, tunc is not freq. till after the Aug. period. Cic. has tum about thirty times as often as tunc; Caes. has tunc only five times; Livy, in the first two books, has tunc five times, tum eighty-two times; but Val. Max. has tunc four times as often as tum. Sen. almost always has tunc; tum only in a few passages, mostly in co ordinative use. In Vitr., Suet., Plin., Just., and the jurists, tunc largely predominates; but Nep. has tunc once only, and Tac., who employs both words sparingly, has tum oftener than tunc. The Codd. very freq. vary between the words, and in many passages the reading is still doubtful. Undue weight has been given by some critics to opposition to nunc and connection with cum; cf. Kritz ad Sall. J. 5, 1; Zumpt ad Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 64, § 142; 2, 5, 10, § 27. Both tum and tunc are freq. opposed to nunc, and connected with cum.
    I.
    Absol.
    A.
    Referring an event to a time before mentioned.
    1.
    To definite past time.
    (α).
    To a period of time, = illis temporibus (only post-Aug.):

    tunc melius tenuere fidem cum paupere cultu Stabat in exigua ligneus aede deus,

    Tib. 1, 10, 19:

    nulli tunc subsessores alienorum matrimoniorum oculi metuebantur,

    Val. Max. 2, 1, 5:

    sed tunc clarissimus quisque juvenum pro amplificanda patria plurimum periculi sustinebat,

    id. 3, 2, 6:

    nunc quo ventum est? A servis vix impetrari potest ne eam supellectilem fastidiant qua tunc consul non erubuit,

    id. 4, 3, 7:

    quo pacto inter amicos viguisse tunc justitiam credimus, cum inter accusatores quoque, etc.,

    id. 6, 5, 6:

    si vere aestimare Macedonas qui tunc erant volumus, fatebimur, etc.,

    Curt. 4, 16, 33:

    sed civitati nullae tunc leges erant,

    Just. 2, 7, 3; 6, 9, 5.—
    (β).
    Referring to a point of time spoken of: cives Romani [p. 1914] tunc facti sunt Campani, Enn. ap. Censor. 14 (Ann. v. 174 Vahl.): tanto sublatae sunt Augmine tunc lapides, id. ap. Non. p. 211, 8 (Ann. v. 542 ib.): tunc ipsos adoriant, ne quis Spartam referat nuntium, Naev. ap. Prisc. 8, p. 801 P. (Trag. Rel. v. 16 Rib.):

    (Sulla) statim ex iis rebus quas tunc vendebat jussit ei praemium tribui, etc.,

    Cic. Arch. 10, 25:

    neque ego tunc princeps ad salutem esse potuissem si, etc.,

    id. Sull. 3, 9:

    his tunc cognitis rebus amici regis his... liberaliter responderunt,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 104:

    tunc duces Nerviorum... colloqui sese velle dicunt,

    at this time, id. B. G. 5, 41:

    quod se facturos minabantur, aegreque tunc sunt retenti quin oppidum irrumperent,

    id. B. C. 2, 13 fin.:

    Romanus tunc exercitus in agro Larinati erat,

    Liv. 22, 24, 1:

    itaque cum in ipsum, et innocentia tutum et magistratu in quo tunc erat, impetus fieri non posset, etc.,

    id. 4, 44, 6; cf. id. 2, 2, 2; 4, 8, 6; 10, 37, 10;

    44, 44, 3: nec, si rescindere posses (sc. jussa Jovis), Tunc aderas,

    Ov. M. 2, 679:

    tunc ego nec cithara poteram gaudere sonora, nec, etc.,

    Tib. 3, 4, 69:

    tunc urbis custodiis praepositus C. Maecenas,

    Vell. 2, 88, 2:

    forte evenit ut tunc summae dignitatis ibi femina veneno consumere se destinarit,

    Val. Max. 2, 6, 8:

    qui tunc Libitinam exercebant,

    id. 5, 2, 10:

    Coriolanus ad Volscos, infestos tunc Romanis, confugit,

    id. 5, 4, 1; cf. id. 2, 10, 3; 4, 8, 5; 5, 5, 3; 7, 6, 5 fin.;

    8, 1 damn. 1: Carthaginiensium legati ad celebrandum sacrum anniversarium more patrio tunc venerant,

    Curt. 4, 2, 10:

    et tunc aestas erat, cujus calor, etc.,

    id. 3, 5, 1:

    perierat imperium, quod tunc in extremo stabat, si Fabius, etc.,

    Sen. Troad. 1, 11, 5:

    tunc,distractis Orientis viribus, casus Mithridati datus est occupandi Armeniam,

    Tac. A. 11, 9; cf. id. ib. 2, 25:

    quidam ex eis qui tunc egerant, decesserunt,

    Plin. Ep. 4, 24, 3:

    ardente tunc in Africa bello,

    Suet. Caes. 70; cf. id. Calig. 48; id. Ner. 20; 21:

    Asiam tunc tenebat imperio rex Darius,

    Gell. 17, 9, 20:

    hostes tunc populi Romani fuerant Fidenates,

    id. 17, 21, 17; cf. id. 13, 5, 2 and 3; 14, 1, 8; Ael. Spart. Had. 11; 23; 24.—Repeated by anaphora:

    tunc victus abiere feri, tunc consita pomus, tunc bibit inriguas fertilis hortus aquas, Aurea tunc pressos, etc.,

    Tib. 2, 1, 43:

    tunc Parmenio et Philotas, tunc Amyntas consobrinus, tunc noverca fratresque interfecti, tunc Attalus, Eurylochus... occurrebant,

    Just. 12, 6, 14; so id. 43, 3, 2; 43, 4, 2.—Attributively:

    regem tunc Lacedaemoniorum,

    Just. 6, 2, 4.—
    (γ).
    Referring to a state no longer in existence:

    silvae tunc circa viam erant, plerisque incultis,

    Liv. 21, 25, 8:

    urbs (Corinthus) erat tunc praeclara ante excidium,

    id. 45, 28, 2:

    hic (Curio) primo pro Pompei partibus, id est, ut tunc habebatur, pro republica, mox... pro Caesare stetit,

    Vell. 2, 48, 3:

    certissimum tunc proscriptorum perfugium penetravit,

    Val. Max. 7, 3, 9:

    docuit in atrio Catulinae domus, quae pars Palatii tunc erat,

    Suet. Gram. 17: tunc (i. e. olim) in usu erat, eam hereditatem, etc., Gai Inst. 2, 254 erat autem tunc mos ut cum princeps causam cognosceret... sententiam ex omnium deliberatione proferret, Ael. Spart. Had. 8.—
    (δ).
    Expressly opposed to present time: tunc igitur pelles, nunc aurum et purpura exercent hominum vitam, Lucr 5, 1423;

    ea lege quae tunc erat Sempronia, nunc est Cornelia,

    Cic. Clu. 56, 154:

    cum vero causam justam deus ipse dederit, ut tunc Socrati, nunc Catoni, etc.,

    id. Tusc. 1, 30, 74, cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 18, § 45; 2, 3, 67, § 156; id. Arch. 3, 5; id. Pis. 13, 30; id. Rab. Post. 12, 34; id. Phil. 7, 5, 14:

    cur privati non damus remiges, sicut tunc dedimus?

    Liv. 34, 6, 18:

    munitiones et locis opportunioribus tunc fuerunt et validiores impositae (i. e. quam nunc),

    id. 36, 17, 4:

    parva nunc res videri potest quae tunc patres ac plebem accendit,

    id. 4, 25, 13; cf. id. 8, 31, 4; 21, 18, 5:

    Macedones milites ea tunc erant fama qua nunc Romani feruntur,

    Nep. Eum. 3, 4: nunc solvo poenas;

    tunc tibi inferias dedi,

    Sen. Phoen. 172:

    nunc haberent socios quos tunc hostes habuerant,

    Just. 6, 7, 5; cf. id. 8, 2, 9:

    hoc tunc Veii fuere, nunc fuisse quis meminit?

    Flor. 1, 12, 11.—And tunc and tum in co-ordinated sentences: qui ager nunc multo pluris est quam tunc fuit. Tum enim, etc., nunc, etc.;

    tum erat ager incultus, nunc est cultissimus,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33: vos etiamsi tunc faciendum non fuerit, nunc utique faciendum putatis;

    ego contra, etiamsi tum migrandum fuisset, nunc has ruipas relinquendas non censerem,

    Liv. 5, 53, 3 (in such connections tum generally refers to a previous tunc, rarely vice versa).—
    (ε).
    Opposed to a previous or a later time:

    quae ipsum Hannibalem, armis tunc invictum voluptate vicit (i. e. etsi non postea),

    Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 95:

    raro alias tribuni popularis oratio acceptior plebi quam tunc severissimi consulis fuit,

    Liv. 3, 69, 1:

    (Syphax) tunc accessio Punici belli fuerat, sicut Gentius Macedonici,

    id. 45, 7, 2; 5, 37, 2; 45, 25, 10:

    non ab Scipionibus aliisque veteribus Romanorum ducum quidquam ausum fortius quam tunc a Caesare,

    Vell. 2, 80, 3:

    et tunc Aeanti, ut deo, immolaverunt, et deinceps, etc.,

    Val. Max. 1, 5, ext. 2:

    praetor hic Alexandri fuerat, tunc transfuga,

    Curt. 3, 11, 18; cf. id. 4, 13, 18:

    Cilicum nationes saepe et alias commotae, tunc Troxoboro duce, montes asperos castris cepere,

    Tac. A. 12, 55; cf. id. ib. 2, 62; id. H. 3, 58:

    ob res et tunc in Africa, et olim in Germania gestas,

    Suet. Galb. 8; cf. id. Tib. 10; 18; id. Oth. 4:

    idem tunc Faesulae quod Carrhae nuper,

    Flor. 1, 5, 8.—
    (ζ).
    In general statements, applied to the actual state of affairs:

    mos est regibus quotiens in societatem coeant, pollices inter se vincire, etc. Sed tunc, qui ea vincula admovebat decidisse simulans, genua Mithridatis invadit,

    Tac. A. 12, 47:

    legebatur ergo ibi tunc in carmine Latino, etc.,

    Gell. 2, 22, 2.— Pregn., as matters then stood:

    aptissimum tempus fuerat, delinimentum animis Bolani agri divisionem obici: tunc haec ipsa indignitas angebat animos,

    Liv. 4, 51, 6.—
    (η).
    Of coincidence in time: tunc = cum hoc fieret, on that occasion:

    quodsi tu tunc, Crasse, dixisses, omnem eorum importunitatem evellisset oratio tua,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 230; id. Clu. 56, 153; id. Lig. 5, 16; id. Phil. 7, 5, 14:

    tunc Lacedaemoniis accusantibus respondendum erat, nunc a vobis ipsis accusati sumus,

    Liv. 39, 36, 7:

    jam Horatius secundam pugnam petebat. Tunc... clamore adjuvant militem suum,

    while he was doing so, id. 1, 25, 9; 45, 23, 17:

    sed neque... nubes Tunc habuit, nec... imbres,

    Ov. M. 2, 310:

    quid mihi tunc animi fuit?

    id. ib. 7, 582:

    quid mihi tunc animi credis, germane, fuisse?

    id. H. 11, 87; 12, 31:

    quid tunc homines timuerint, quae senatus trepidatio... neque mihi exprimere vacat, neque, etc.,

    Vell. 2, 124, 1:

    non Catoni tunc praetura, sed praeturae Cato negatus est,

    Val. Max. 7, 5, 6; cf. id. 1, 8, 6; 4, 5, 3; 6, 1, 8; 6, 2, 3; 6, 2, 6; 6, 6, ext. 1;

    9, 3, 1: tunc ego dicere debui,

    Sen. Ep. 63, 15:

    non possum dicere aliud tunc mihi quam deos adfuisse,

    Plin. Ep. 1, 5, 5:

    tunc domus priscorum ducum arserunt,

    Suet. Ner. 38; Just. 18, 3, 14; Gell. 6 (7), 3, 48; 12, 13, 21; 19, 1, 11.—Tunc and tum co-ordinate: sanguine tunc (Phaethontis) credunt... Tum facta'st Libya... arida;

    tum, etc.,

    Ov. M. 2, 235 sqq.: tunc... sorores Debuerant, etc.;

    Tum potui Medea mori bene,

    id. H. 12, 3 sqq.—And referring to a supposed action at a definite time:

    nobis tunc repente trepidandum in acie instruenda erat,

    if we had accepted the battle then, Liv. 44, 38, 11.—
    (θ).
    Redundant (post-class.):

    id quale fuerit, neque ipse tunc prodidit, neque cuiquam facile succurrat,

    Suet. Tit. 10; cf.: in ejusmodi temporibus tunc eae ambulationes aperiuntur, Vitr 5, 9, 9.—
    2.
    = nunc, in oblique discourse (rare):

    quod si consulatus tanta dulcedo sit, jam tunc ita in animum inducant, consulatum captum a tribunicia potestate esse,

    Liv. 2, 54, 5:

    ut cum multis saeculis murus urbi civium virtus fuerit, tunc cives salvos se fore non existimaverint nisi intra muros laterent,

    Just. 14, 5, 7.—
    3.
    Referring to indefinite time.
    (α).
    Then, at such a time of the year, day, etc.; at such a season:

    tunc (i. e. autumno) praecidi arbores oportere secundum terram,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 27:

    ab eo in fastis dies hordicalia nominantur, quod tunc hordae boves immolantur,

    id. ib. 2, 5:

    omnes (nubes sol) enim sub se tunc (= medio die),

    Sen. Q. N. 1, 8, 7:

    tunc enim maximae et integrae adhuc nives (= aestate prima),

    id. ib. 4, 2, 21:

    et tunc potest ventis concitari mare,

    id. ib. 4, 2, 25; cf. id. ib. 4, 5, 2.—
    (β).
    With the force of an indefinite temporal clause:

    tunc ignes tenuissimi iter exile designant et caelo producunt, of shooting stars,

    Sen. Q. N. 1, 1, 6: nemo observat lunam nisi laborantem. Tunc urbes conclamant, tunc pro se quisque superstitione vana trepidat, id. ib. 7, 1, 2:

    adjuvari se tunc (i. e. cum faces vident) periclitantes existimant Pollucis et Castoris numine,

    id. ib. 1, 1, 13; cf. id. ib. 1, 8, 3; 2, 55, 2; 5, 3, 1; 6, 12, 2; id. Ep. 42, 4; id. Brev. Vit. 11, 1: si ancilla ex cive Romand conceperit, deinde civis Romana facta sit, et tunc pariat, etc., Gai Inst. 1, 88; 1, 90; Dig. 1, 6, 8; 40, 12, 22, § 3.—
    (γ).
    With the force of a conditional clause, in this instance: Tr. Erus peregre venit. Si. Tunc tibi actutum chorda tenditur, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 55 Lorenz (al. tum):

    dominae mentem convertite... Tunc ego crediderim vobis, et sidera et amnes Posse, etc.,

    Prop. 1, 1, 23:

    itaque tunc dividere optimum erit (= si plura sunt quae nocent),

    Quint. 4, 2, 101; so id. 6, 1, 22:

    cuperem tecum communicare tam subitam mutationem mei: tunc amicitiae nostrae certiorem fiduciam habere coepissem,

    Sen. Ep. 6, 2: nemo est ex inprudentibus qui reliqui sibi debeat. Tunc mala consilia agitant, tunc aut aliis aut ipsis pericula struunt;

    tunc cupiditates improbas ordinant, tunc... tunc... denique, etc.,

    id. ib. 10, 2;

    7, 2: tunc enim (i. e. si cottidie reputes) subit recordatio: Quot dies quam frigidis rebus absumpsi!

    Plin. Ep. 1, 9, 3:

    propter liberos retentio fit (dotis) si culpa mulieris divortium factum sit, tunc enim sextae retinentur ex dote,

    Ulp. Fragm. 6, 10: veluti si a femina manumissa sit: tunc enim e lege Atilia petere debet tutorem, Gai Inst. 1, 195; 1, 76; 1, 40; 3, 181; Fragm. Vat. 52; Dig. 2, 4, 8; 5, 3, 13, § 12; 7, 3, 1; 19, 1, 11, § 15; 11, 1, 20; Just. Inst. 1, 12, § 6; in the jurists, saep.—
    4.
    Referring to future time.
    (α).
    In gen.: tunc illud vexillum... coloniae Capuae inferetur;

    tunc contra hanc Romam illa altera Roma quaeretur,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 86:

    tunc, ut quaeque causa crit statuetis, nunc libertatem repeti satis est,

    Liv. 3, 53, 10:

    senatus consultum adjectum est ut... praetor qui tunc esset... apud eorum quem qui manumitteretur... jusjurandum daret, etc.,

    id. 41, 9, 11:

    nec taedebit avum parvo advigilare nepoti... Tunc operata deo pubes discumbet in herba, etc.,

    Tib. 2, 5, 95:

    tunc interea tempus exercitus ex hoc loco educendi habebis,

    Gell. 3, 7, 7.—
    (β).
    With the force of a conditional clause:

    tunc me biremis Tutum... Aura feret geminusque Pollux (i. e. si mugiat malus procellis),

    Hor. C. 3, 29, 62:

    vectabor umeris tunc ego inimicis eques (i. e. si hoc feceris),

    id. Epod. 17, 74:

    tunc tua me infortunia laedent (i. e. si dolebis tibi),

    id. A. P. 103:

    tunc ego jurabo quaevis tibi numina... Tunc ego... Efficiam, etc.,

    Ov. H. 15 (16), 319:

    tunc piger ad nandum, tunc ego cautus ero,

    id. ib. 17 (18), 210.—
    B.
    Representing sequence or succession in events, = deinde.
    1.
    Simple sequence in time.
    (α).
    Time proper (rare till after the Aug. per.;

    in Cic. perh. only in the foll. passages): Herodotus cum Roma reverteretur, offendit eum mensem qui sequitur mensem comitialem. Tunc Cephaloeditani decrerunt intercalarium XLV dies longum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 130:

    veni in eum sermonem ut docerem, etc. Tunc mihi ille dixit quod, etc.,

    id. Fam. 3, 5, 3:

    dixi ei, me ita facturum esse ut, etc. Tunc ille a me petivit, etc.,

    id. ib. 3, 6, 2 is finis pugnae equestris fuit. Tunc adorti peditum aciem, nuntios ad consules rei gestae mittunt, Liv. 3, 70, 8:

    tandem curia excesserunt. Tunc sententiae interrogari coeptae,

    id. 45, 25, 1:

    equites, relictis equis, provolant ante signa... Tunc inter priores duorum populorum res geritur,

    id. 7, 8, 1:

    iterum deinde interpellatus, in proposito persistit. Tunc Poppedius, abjecturum inde se... minatus est,

    Val. Max. 3, 1, 2; cf. id. 5, 4, 1; 7, 3, 2; 7, 3, 6: tunc intendit arcum, et ipsum cor adulescentis figit, Sen. de Ira, 3, 14, 2; so id. Ot. Sap. 1, 1; id. Q. N. 1, 12, 1:

    Dareum XXX inde stadia abesse praemissi indicabant. Tunc consistere agmen jubet,

    Curt. 3, 8, 24:

    contionem discedere in manipulos jubet. Tunc a veneratione Augusti orsus flexit ad victorias,

    Tac. A. 1, 34; cf. id. ib. 1, 67; 12, 31; 12, 33; 12, 69; id. H. 4, 72; Vitr. 1, 4, 12; 1, 6, 7; 2, 1, 2; 2, 1, 4; 5, 12, 5; 7, praef. 5; 7, 1, 3; 7, 2, 2; 8, 1, 1; Suet. Ner. 49; id. Vit. 15 fin.; id. Dom. 16; Front. Strat. 2, 5, 4; Gell. 1, 22, 6; 6 (7), 17, 6; 13, 31 (30), 6; 14, 2, 9; [p. 1915] Flor. 2, 13 (4, 2), 71; Just. 11, 4, 1; 11, 10, 2; 12, 7, 7; 13, 3, 4; 18, 4, 10 et saep.; Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 26.—
    (β).
    Before an abl. absol. (postclass.):

    statuunt tempus quo foedissimum quemque invadant. Tunc, signo inter se dato, inrumpunt contubernia,

    Tac. A. 1, 48:

    tunc, Campaniae ora proximisque insulis circuitis, Caprearum secessui quadriduum impendit,

    Suet. Aug. 98:

    tunc, exercitu in Aetoliam promoto, pecunias civitatibus imperat,

    Just. 14, 1, 6; 21, 5, 2; 22, 2, 7; 25, 2, 6.—
    (γ).
    Implying a consequence, then, under these circumstances, hence, accordingly:

    caedere januam saxis, instare ferro, ligna circumdare ignemque circumicere coeperunt. Tunc cives Romani, qui Lampsaci negotiabantur, concurrunt,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 27, § 69: huc tota Vari conversa acies suos fugere videbat. Tunc Rebilus; Perterritum, inquit, hostem vides;

    quid dubitas, etc.,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 34:

    animadversum est, extra consuetudinem longius a vallo esse aciem Pompei progressum. Tunc Caesar apud suos Differendum est iter, inquit, etc.,

    id. ib. 3, 85:

    omnium spe celerius Saguntum oppugnari adlatum est. Tunc relata de integro res ad senatum,

    Liv. 21, 6, 5; cf. id. 9, 30, 10:

    Tisiphoneque Saevit et huc illuc impia turba fugit. Tunc niger in porta serpentum Cerberus ore Stridet,

    Tib. 1, 3, 71:

    apud patres disseruit, nec posse Orientem nisi Germanici sapientia conponi, etc. Tunc decreto patrum permissae Germanico provinciae,

    Tac. A. 2, 43; id. H. 4, 83; Vitr. 2, 8, 14; 2, 9, 16; Just. 39, 3, 11.—Emphatically, = tum vero:

    donec ipse quoque longinquo morbo est implicitus. Tunc adeo fracti simul cum corpore sunt spiritus illi feroces ut, etc.,

    Liv. 1, 31, 6.—And = tum primum:

    multitudo tandem perrumpit ordines hostium. Tunc vinci pertinacia coepta, et averti manipuli quidam,

    Liv. 9, 39, 10. —
    2.
    In enumerations with tum... deinde... postea, etc.
    (α).
    In gen. (postclass.): ante omnia instituit ut e libertorum bonis dextans... cogeretur; deinde ut ingratorum, etc.;

    tunc ut lege majestatis facta omnia... tenerentur,

    Suet. Ner. 32 med.; so,

    tunc... deinde... tunc, etc.,

    Vitr. 1, 6, 12 and 13:

    tunc... tunc... deinde... tunc,

    id. 3, 5, 5 and 6; cf. id. 5, 12, 4; cf. Suet. Oth. 6; Flor. 4, 2, 88.—With tum: terras primum situmque earum quaerit; deinde condicionem maris;

    tunc quidquid inter caelum terrasque interjacet perspicit... tum, peragratis humilioribus, ad summa prorumpit,

    Sen. Cons. Helv. 17 fin.; so Gai Inst. 3, 6, 3.—
    (β).
    Of successive speakers in dialogue (rare):

    tu vero abi, inquit, etc. Tunc Mucius Quandoquidem, inquit, est apud te virtuti honos, etc.,

    Liv. 2, 12, 15:

    apud quem Valerius in hunc modum egit, etc. Tunc Collatinus Quaero inquit, etc.,

    Val. Max. 2, 8, 2.—With tum:

    tunc poeta... inquit, etc. Tum Fronto ita respondit, etc.,

    Gell. 19, 8, 10 and 11; 12, 13, 19; Val. Max. 7, 3, ext. 4.—
    C.
    In co-ordination (very rare).
    1.
    = praeterea, and then:

    (Romulus) hoc consilio fultus... locupletari civis non destitit. Tunc, id quod retinemus hodie magna cum salute rei publicae, auspiciis plurimum obsecutus est Romulus,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 9, 15 sq.:

    praeter has, frugalitas et continentia... splendorem illi suum adfunderent. Tunc providentia cum elegantia quantum decoris illi adderent!

    Sen. Ep. 115, 3.—
    2.
    In the connection cum... tunc (v. tum, I. C. 3.):

    vivendum recte est cum propter plurima, tunc est Idcirco, etc.,

    Juv. 9, 118 ( poet. for tum, on account of the foll. vowel).—
    3.
    Vid. tunc etiam, III. B. 7. b.
    II.
    As correlative of dependent clauses.
    A.
    Of temporal clauses with cum.
    1.
    Referring to definite past time.
    a.
    Tunc as antecedent of the clause:

    set Stalagmus quojus erat tunc nationis quom hinc abit?

    Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 108:

    etiamne in ara tunc sedebant mulieres Quom ad me profectu's ire?

    id. Rud. 3, 6, 8:

    quo damnato tunc, cum judicia fiebant, HS. IV milibus lis aestimata est,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 22:

    etenim tunc esset hoc animadvertendum cum classis Syracusis proficiscebatur,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 43, §

    111: atque ille eo tempore paruit cum parere senatui necesse erat: vos tunc paruistis cum paruit nemo nisi qui voluit,

    id. Lig. 7, 20: se ita pugnaturos ut Romae pugnaverint in repetenda patria, ut postero die ad Gabios, tunc cum effecerint ne quis hostium, etc., Liv. 6, 28, 9:

    et quod tunc fecimus cum hostem Hannibalem in Italia haberemus, id nunc, pulso Hannibale, cunctamur facere?

    id. 31, 7, 5:

    infelix Dido, nunc te facta impia tangunt? Tunc decuit cum sceptra dabas,

    Verg. A. 4, 597 (Rib. tum; v. Prisc. p. 8, 841 P.):

    prudenter sensit tunc incrementum Romano imperio petendum fuisse cum intra septimum lapidem triumphi quaerebantur,

    Val. Max. 4, 1, 10:

    quorum nihil tunc cum diceretur parum aptum fuit,

    Quint. 11, 1, 89; cf. Val. Max. 8, 8, ext. 1; 9, 8, ext. 1.—
    b.
    Introducing the apodosis.
    (α).
    Of coincident actions:

    cum jam adpropinquantium forma lemborum haud dubie esset... tunc injecta trepidatio,

    Liv. 44, 28, 10.—
    (β).
    = deinde:

    adversus singula quaeque cum respondere haud facile esset, et quereretur... purgaretque se invicem, tunc Papirius, redintegrata ira, virgas et secures expediri jussit,

    Liv. 8, 32, 10:

    divus Caesar cum exercitum habuisset circa Alpes, imperavissetque, etc., tunc qui in eo castello fuerunt... noluerunt imperio parere,

    Vitr. 2, 9, 15:

    cum nuntiatum esset Leonidae a XX milibus hostium summum cacumen teneri, tunc hortatur socios, recedant,

    Just. 2, 11, 5.—
    2.
    Of definite present time, tunc is not found; v. tum.—
    3.
    Referring to indefinite time.
    a.
    As antecedent:

    arbitror, quo nos etiam tunc utimur cum ea dicimus jurati quae comperta habemus,

    Cic. Font. 13, 29 (9, 19):

    tunc obsequatur naturae cum senserit, etc.,

    id. Fragm. Hort. Phil. 75 B. and K.; id. Tusc. 2, 6, 16; id. Verr. 1, 18, 55; 2, 5, 12, § 29: qui tunc vocat me, cum malum librum legi, only... when, never... unless (= tote dê), Cat. 44, 21 Ellis (Mull. tum):

    deum tunc adfuisse cum id evenisset, veteres oratores aiebant,

    Quint. 10, 7, 14:

    tunc est commovendum theatrum cum ventum est ad illud Plodite,

    id. 6, 1, 52; cf. id. 4, 2, 8; 12, 11, 7; Vitr. 2, 9, 3:

    voluptas tunc, cum maxime delectat, exstinguitur,

    Sen. Vit. Beat. 7, 4; cf. id. Q. N. 1, prol. 3; 5, 3, 3; 6, 3, 1; id. Ep. 10, 5; 85, 38:

    in tantam quantitatem tenetur quae tunc in peculio fuit cum sententiam dicebat,

    Dig. 5, 1, 15: tunc cum certum esse coeperit neminem ex eo testamento fore heredem, Gai Inst. 3, 13; 4, 71; Dig. 28, 3, 6, § 6; 40, 12, 16, § 2; 40, 7, 34.—
    b.
    Introducing the apodosis:

    cum autem fundamenta ita distantia inter se fuerint constituta, tunc inter ea alia transversa... collocentur,

    Vitr. 1, 5, 7; 2, 1, 6; 2, 3, 2; 2, 5, 2;

    3, 5, 13: cum folia pauca in acumine germinent, tunc maxime serendas ficus,

    Plin. 18, 26, 65, § 245; Just. 41, 2, 9.—
    4.
    Referring to future time:

    ex ceteris autem generibus tunc pecunia expedietur cum legionibus victricibus erunt quae spopondimus persolvenda, Cic. Fragm. Ep. Caes. jun. 1, 8: tunc inter eas fore finem belli dixit cum alterutra urbs in habitum pulveris esset redacta,

    Val. Max. 9, 3, ext. 3:

    poterant videri tunc incohanda cum omnia quae... peregissem,

    Quint. 6, 4, 1; Col. praef. 33; v. infra, III. A. 2. b.—
    B.
    With temporal clauses introduced by ubi (rare).
    1.
    Of definite past time:

    ad quod bellum ubi consules dilectum habere occipiunt, obstare tunc enixe tribuni,

    Liv. 4, 55, 2:

    haec ubi convenerunt, tunc vero Philomelus consuetudinem nocte egrediendi frequentiorem facere,

    id. 25, 8, 9.—
    2.
    Of indefinite time.
    a.
    As antecedent:

    tunc autem est consummata infelicitas, ubi turpia non solum delectant, sed etiam placent,

    Sen. Ep. 39, 6; id. Ben. 2, 3, 3; 2, 17, 3; id. Ep. 89, 19.—
    b.
    In apodosis:

    stillicidia ubi plura coiere et turba vires dedit, tunc fluere et ire dicuntur,

    Sen. Q. N. 5, 13, 4; 6, 17, 2; 6, 18, 2.—
    C.
    With temporal clauses introduced by postquam (posteaquam); rare.
    1.
    Of definite past time:

    posteaquam ingenuae virgines et ephebi venerunt ad deprecandum, tunc est pollicitus his legibus ut, etc.,

    Vitr. 10, 16, 7 (but in Sall. C. 51, 40 Dietsch reads tum).—
    2.
    Of indefinite time: si vero posteaquam eam destinasses, tunc perierit, etc., Dig 17, 2, 58, § 1.—
    D.
    With temporal clauses introduced by ut (very rare):

    ut vero... casus suorum miseris eluxit, tunc toto littore plangentium gemitus, tunc infelicium matrum ululatus... audiebantur,

    Just. 19, 2, 11.—
    E.
    With temporal clauses introduced by quando (rare).
    1.
    As antecedent:

    tunc quando abiero,

    Plaut. Pers. 4, 7, 19 (4, 8, 8): tunc inserentur (cerasi) quando his vel non est, vel desinit gummi effluere, Pall. Oct. 12.—
    2.
    In apodosis:

    quando quodque eorum siderum cursum decorum est adeptum... tunc ex alterius naturae motione transversa... vinci a tardioribus videbantur,

    Cic. Univ. 9.—
    F.
    With temporal clauses introduced by dum (very rare):

    tunc tamen utrumque tolerabile est, dum illi vis sua est,

    Sen. Ep. 83, 21.—
    G.
    With conditional clauses.
    1.
    In gen.
    (α).
    As antecedent:

    consilium istud tunc esset prudens si rationes ad Hispaniensem casum accommodaturi essemus,

    Cic. Att. 10, 8, 2:

    sin autem ventus interpellaverit et... tunc habeat canalem longum pedes quinque, etc.,

    Vitr. 8, 5, 2:

    tunc fidem fallam, tunc inconstantiae crimen audiam si, cum omnia eadem sint quae erant promittente me, non praestitero promissum,

    Sen. Ben. 4, 35, 2.—
    (β).
    In apodosis:

    si se simul cum gloria rei gestae exstinxisset, tunc victorem, quidquid licuerit in magistro equitum, in militibus ausurum,

    Liv. 8, 31, 7:

    quem si inclusit mare, tum ille exitu simul redituque praecluso, volutatur,

    Sen. Q. N. 6, 15:

    quod si non illum, sed me peccasse putabis, tunc ego te credam cordis habere nihil,

    Mart. 2, 8, 6: si nullus sit suorum heredum, tunc hereditas pertinet ad adgnatos, Gai Inst. 3, 9:

    si vero dissentiunt, tunc praetoris partes necessariae sunt,

    Dig. 2, 14, 7, § 19; Sen. Q. N. 6, 9, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 205; Dig. 1, 3, 22.—
    2.
    With a supposition contrary to fact:

    audivi te cum alios consolareris: tunc conspexissem, si te ipse consolatus esses,

    Sen. Prov. 4, 5.—
    H.
    After abl. absol. (rare):

    legatis auditis, tunc de bello referre sese Aemilius dixit,

    Liv. 44, 21, 1:

    his ita praeparatis, tunc in rotae modiolo tympanum includatur,

    Vitr. 10, 9 (14), 2.
    III.
    Particular connections.
    A.
    With other particles of time.
    1.
    Jam tunc (rare):

    nisi jam tunc omnia negotia diligentissime confecissem,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 3: bellum jam tunc ab illis geri coeptum cum sibi Phrygiam ademerint, Trog. Pomp. ap. Just. 38, 53:

    At. C. Marius L. Sullam jam tunc, ut praecaventibus fatis, copulatum sibi quaestorem habuit,

    Vell. 2, 12, 1:

    Archilochum Nepos Cornelius tradit, Tullo Hostilio Romae regnante, jam tunc fuisse poematis clarum et nobilem,

    Gell. 17, 21, 8:

    palam jam tunc multae civitates libertatem bello vindicandam fremebant,

    Just. 13, 5, 5. —
    2.
    With demum and denique, not until then, then only, then at last.
    a.
    Tunc demum.
    (α).
    Absol.:

    tunc demum nuntius missus ad tertiam legionem revocandam,

    Liv. 41, 3, 5:

    tunc demum pectora plangi Contigit,

    Ov. H. 11, 91:

    tunc demum intrat tabernaculum,

    Curt. 4, 13, 20:

    tunc demum alia mala (exstiterunt),

    Sen. Q. N. 1, 17, 6:

    (aquilae) primo deponunt, expertaeque pondus, tunc demum abeunt,

    Plin. 10, 3, 4, § 14:

    tunc demum... invidiam quae sibi fieret deprecati sunt,

    Suet. Calig. 9:

    tunc demum ad otium concessit,

    id. Claud. 5.—
    (β).
    With cum clause:

    postero die cum circumsessi aqua arceremur, nec ulla... erumpendi spes esset, tunc demum pacti sumus, etc.,

    Liv. 21, 59, 6:

    et serius cum redisset, tum demum, recepto sospite filio, victoriae tantae gaudium consul sensit,

    id. 44, 44, 3:

    cum ab his oritur, tunc demum ei ratio constat,

    Val. Max. 4, 8 prooem.: quos ordine suo tunc demum persequar cum praefaturus fuero, Col. praef. 33; Sen. Ep. 84, 6; id. Q. N. 7, 13, 1.—
    b.
    Tunc denique (very rare): hi dicebantur in eo tempore mathêmatikoi. Exinde ad perspicienda principia naturae procedebant ac tunc denique nominabantur phusikoi, Gell. 1, 9, 7.—
    3.
    Tunc primum:

    quia tunc primum superbiae nobilitatis obviam itum est,

    Sall. J. 5, 2:

    tunc primum circo qui nunc maximus dicitur, designatus locus est,

    Liv. 1, 35, 8:

    eum dolorem ulta est (plebs) tunc primum plebeis quaestoribus creatis,

    id. 4, 54, 2:

    tunc primum equo merere equites coeperunt,

    id. 5, 7, 13:

    lectisternio tunc primum in urbe Romana facto,

    id. 5, 13, 6; Tac. A. 11, 38; Suet. Ner. 17; Just. 8, 5, 1; 11, 10, 2; Jul. Capitol. Anton. Phil. 5; 7.—
    4.
    With deinde (cf.: tum deinde).
    (α).
    Deinde tunc:

    roga bonam mentem, bonam valetudinem animi, deinde tunc corporis,

    Sen. Ep. 10, 4; 74, 23; 117, 1.—
    (β).
    Tunc deinde: primum militiae vinculum est religio et signorum amor, et deserendi nefas; tunc deinde facile cetera [p. 1916] exiguntur, Sen. Ep. 95, 35; 11, 4; Val. Fl. 8, 109; Cels. 4, 15.—So, tunc postea, Vitr. 1, 6, 7.—
    5.
    Tunc tandem:

    simul enim cessit possessione Dii, excitavit hostem, ut tunc tandem sciret recuperanda esse quae prius amissa forent,

    Liv. 44, 8, 4.—
    B.
    With emphatic particles.
    1.
    Tunc vero (or enimvero):

    in turbatos jam hostes equos inmittunt. Tunc vero Celtiberi omnes in fugam effunduntur,

    Liv. 40, 40, 10:

    cunctantem tamen ingens vis morbi adorta est. Tunc enim vero deorum ira admonuit,

    id. 2, 36, 6:

    tunc vero impotentis fortunae species conspici potuit,

    Curt. 3, 11, 23: Tiberioque suspensa semper verba;

    tunc vero nitenti, etc.,

    Tac. A. 1, 11.—
    2.
    Tunc quidem: et tunc quidem Perseus copias reduxit;

    postero die, etc.,

    Liv. 42, 57, 9:

    tunc quidem sacrificio rite perpetrato, reliquum noctis rediit, etc.,

    Curt. 4, 13, 16; cf. id. 3, 12, 21.—
    3.
    Ne tunc quidem:

    quia ne tunc quidem obsistebatur,

    Front. Strat. 3, 17, 9:

    ac ne tum quidem senatu aut populo appellato,

    Suet. Ner. 41; cf. Just. 27, 3, 6.—
    4.
    Tunc maxime (or tunc cum maxime).
    (α).
    Chiefly at that time, especially then:

    Theophrastus est auctor, in Ponto quosdam amnes crescere tempore aestivo... aut quia tunc maxime in umorem mutabilis terra est, aut quia, etc.,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 26, 2.—
    (β).
    Just then:

    hospitem tunc cum maxime utilia suadentem abstrahi jussit ad capitale supplicium,

    Curt. 3, 2, 17:

    non incidunt causae quae iram lacessant? sed tunc maxime illi oppugnandae manus sunt, Sen. de Ira, 2, 14, 2: sapiens tunc maxime paupertatem meditatur cum in mediis divitiis constitit,

    id. Vit. Beat. 26, 1.—
    5.
    Tunc interea, Gell. 3, 7, 7; v. supra, I. A. 4. a.—
    6.
    Etiam tunc.
    (α).
    Even then:

    experiri etiam tunc volens an ullae sibi reliquae vires essent, etc.,

    Gell. 15, 16, 3.—
    (β).
    Still:

    quam defunctam praetextatus etiam tunc pro rostris laudavit,

    Suet. Calig. 10.— And with cum, Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 8; v. supra, II. A. 1. a.—
    7.
    Tunc etiam.
    (α).
    Etiam as connective, tum = eo tempore:

    in civitate plena religionum, tunc etiam ob recentem cladem superstitiosis principibus, ut renovarentur auspicia, res ad interregnum redit,

    Liv. 6, 5, 6.—
    (β).
    Poet. for tum etiam, on account of the vowel:

    ultima prona via est, et eget moderamine certo, Tunc etiam... Tethys solet ipsa vereri,

    Ov. M. 2, 68.—
    8.
    Tunc quoque.
    (α).
    Also then:

    irae adversus Vejentes in insequentem annum dilatae sunt. Tunc quoque ne confestim bellum indiceretur religio obstitit,

    Liv. 4, 30, 13; 44, 37, 12: saepe legit flores;

    et tunc quoque forte legebat,

    Ov. M. 4, 315:

    quare et sereno tonat? quia tunc quoque per quassum et scissum aera spiritus prosilit,

    Sen. Q. N. 2, 18:

    cum quidam histriones producti olim, tunc quoque producerentur,

    Suet. Claud. 21:

    tunc quoque in Hyrcaniam remittitur,

    Just. 38, 9, 9.—
    (β).
    Even then:

    tunc quoque cum antiqui illi viri inclite viverent, cura comere capillum fuit,

    Sen. Q. N. 1, 17, 7:

    faba vero non antequam trium foliorum. Tunc quoque levi sarculo purgare melius quam fodere,

    Plin. 18, 26, 65, § 241; Suet. Ner. 26; Flor. 1, 7, 12.—With tum demum:

    tametsi ad audiendum pigre coitur. Plerique in stationibus sedent... ac sibi nuntiari jubent an jam recitator intraverit... an ex magna parte evolverit librum: tum demum ac tunc quoque lente cunctanterque veniunt,

    Plin. Ep. 1, 13, 2.—
    (γ).
    = sic quoque, even as it was:

    quin nisi firmata extrema agminis fuissent, ingens in eo saltu accipienda clades fuerit. Tunc quoque ad extremum periculi ventum est,

    Liv. 21, 34, 8.—
    C.
    Tunc temporis (postclass.;

    v. tum, III. E.): ex gente obscura tunc temporis Persarum,

    Just. 1, 4, 4:

    parvae tunc temporis vires Atheniensibus erant,

    id. 3, 6, 6:

    ad abolendam invidiae famam qua insignis praeter ceteros tunc temporis habebatur,

    id. 8, 3, 7:

    erat namque tunc temporis urbs Appulis Brundisium,

    id. 12, 2, 7.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > tunc

  • 15 cāsus

        cāsus ūs （dat. cāsū, Cs.), m    [1 CAD-], a falling, falling down, fall: nivis casus terrorem adiecit, L.: Antiqui memor casūs, O.: graviore casu Decidunt, H.: casuque fuit miserabile carmen, in his fall, O.: concidit casu gravi, Ph.: altior, Iu.: loci casūs, i. e. destruction (by an earthquake), O. —Fig., of time, the end: sub casum hiemis, V.— A loss, fall, overthrow, ruin, failure: ex nostro casu hanc vitae viam pertimescere: ingredi sine casu aliquo, false step: gravis casus in servitium ex regno, S.: urbis Troianae, V. — Of events, an occurrence, event, accident, chance, emergency: novi casūs temporum: in eiusmodi casu, such an emergency, Cs.: ad talem casum perfugium, L.: si quos locus aut casus coniunxerat, S.: adversi, secundi, N.: magno accidit casu, Cs.: rariores: dubii, H.—A chance, occasion, opportunity: hoc ipso tempore et casu, Cs.: casūs mortis habere: praeclari facinoris casum dare, S.—An adverse event, misfortune, mishap, mischance, accident, calamity: meum casum tam horribilem: ne minimo quidem casu (dat.) locum relinquere, Cs.: sive alius casus lecto te adfixit, H.: Saturnini atque Gracchorum casus, i. e. death, Cs.: cum tantum senatorum sui quemque casūs absumpsissent, L.: Bomilcaris, S.: insontis amici, fate, V. — In gram., a case (of a noun).
    * * *
    I
    grammatical case; termination/ending (of words)
    II
    fall, overthrow; chance/fortune; accident, emergency, calamity, plight; fate

    Latin-English dictionary > cāsus

  • 16 diēs

        diēs gen. diēī or diē (rarely diei, disyl., T., or diī, V.), m sometimes in sing f.    [DIV-], a day, civil day: Quae tot res in unum conclusit diem, T.: eo die, Cs.: in posterum diem, Cs.: paucos dies ibi morati, Cs.: alter et tertius dies absumitur, Ta.— Fem. (in prose only of a fixed term): diebus XXX, a quā die materia caesa est, Cs.: posterā die, S.: suprema, H.: atra, V.: tarda, O. —In phrases: paucis ante diebus, a few days earlier, S.: paucis post diebus, S.: postridie eius diei, the next day, Cs.: post diem tertium eius diei, the next day but one, L.: diem ex die exspectabam, from day to day: diem de die prospectans, L.: in dies, every day, Cs., C.: in diem rapto vivit, L.: cui licet in diem dixisse Vixi, etc., H.—Abl. diē, in a day, in one day, V.; rarely diē (i. e. cottidie or in diem), daily, V.—In dates: ante diem XII Kal. Nov., the twenty - first of October: in ante diem V Kal. Dec., till November 28.— A set day, appointed time, term: hic nuptiis dictus est dies, T.: pecuniae, C., L.: iis certum diem conveniendi dicit, Cs.: die certo, S.: negotio proxumum diem constituit, S.: conloquio decretus, O.: ad diem praestitutum venire, L.: die tuo exspectabam, etc., your fever day: supremus vitae: obire diem supremum, die, N. — Fem. (only sing.): deportandi dies praestituta: certa eius rei constituta, Cs.: stata, L.: ubi ea dies venit, Cs.: praeteritā die, quā, etc., Cs.: esse in lege, quam ad diem, proscriptiones fiant. — In the phrase, dicere diem, with dat, to impeach, lay an accusation against: diem mihi, credo, dixerat: Domitium Silano diem dixisse scimus.— A dying-day, time to die, destined time (poet.): Stat sua cuique dies, V.: Hic dolor ante diem Pandiona misit ad umbras, prematurely, O. — A natural day, day (opp. night): cum horā diei decimā venire: quantum scribam die (opp. noctibus), in the daytime: die et nocte concoqui, in a single day and night: multo denique die, late in the day, Cs.: in diem (somnum) extrahere, Ta.: exercere diem, work by daylight, V.: currūs rogat In diem, for a day, O.: diem noctemque procul navem tenuit, a day and a night, N.: Saturnalia diem ac noctem clamata, all day and all night, L.: diem noctemque, uninterruptedly, Cs.: Dies noctīsque me ames, T.: dies noctīsque iter faciens, N.: noctīs ac dies: et noctīs et dies.— With iter, of distances, a day's march, day's journey: huius silvae latitudo novem dierum iter expedito patet, forced marches, Cs.: quinque dierum iter aberant, L. — Daybreak, day: cum die, O.: ante diem, H. — An anniversary: quo die ad Aliam pugnatum, a clade Aliensem appellarunt, L.: diem meum scis esse III Non. Ian., birthday. —Meton., a day's work, event, day: is dies honestissimus nobis fuerat in senatu: dare illius diei poenas: ille dies Etruscorum fregit opes, Cs.: imponite quinquaginta annis magnum diem, Ta. — A time, space of time, period, interval: diem se ad deliberandum sumpturum, Cs.: diem tempusque forsitan ipsum leniturum iras, L.: ut sexenni die pecuniae solvantur, Cs.: in longiorem diem conlaturus, a later day, Cs.: perexigua, a brief interval: nulla, O.: (indutiarum) dies, the term, L.: messis, season, V.: Optuma aevi, period (i. e. youth), V.: Sole dies referente siccos, season, H.: diem adimere aegritudinem hominibus, T.: diem festum Dianae per triduum agi, a festival, L.: malum in diem abiit, to a future time, T.: nos in diem vivimus, for the moment.—Light of day, daylight (poet.): Inmissus quo dies terreat umbras, O.: volumina fumi Infecere diem, O.: oriens occiduusque dies, the East and the West, i. e. the world, O. — Personified, the god of day, O.— Fem.: Venus primo Caelo et Die nata.
    * * *
    day; daylight; festival; time; lifetime, age

    Latin-English dictionary > diēs

  • 17 ēventus

        ēventus ūs, m    [ex + BA-], an occurrence, accident, event, fortune, fate, lot: fore eos eventūs rerum qui acciderunt: ex eventu navium, Cs.: ducis, V.: qui quosque eventūs exciperent, Cs.: impiorum fratrum, L.: eventūs illos meruisse, O.— The issue, consequence, result, end: eventus est alicuius exitus negoti: eventus in incerto erat, S.: ad eventum festinat (poëta), H.: cogitans incertos eventūs valetudinis: certaminum, L.: belli prosper, L.: eius diei, Cs.—Prov.: stultorum magister est, L. — A success, good-fortune: atque illi modo cauti prompti post eventum erant, Ta.
    * * *
    outcome, result, success; event, occurrence; chance, fate, accident

    Latin-English dictionary > ēventus

  • 18 accido

    1.
    ac-cīdo, cīdi, cīsum, 3, v. a. [caedo], to begin to cut or to cut into [cf.: adamo, addubito, etc.); hence, so to cut a thing that it falls, to fell, to cut (as verb. finit. very rare).
    I.
    Lit.:

    accidunt arbores, tantum ut summa species earum stantium relinquatur,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 27, 4:

    accisa ornus ferro,

    Verg. A. 2, 626; cf.:

    velut accisis recrescenti stirpibus,

    Liv. 26, 41, 22:

    accisis crinibus,

    cut close, Tac. G. 19: ab locustis genus omne acciditur frugum, eaten up, Arnob. 1, 3.— Poet., to use up:

    fames accisis coget dapibus consumere mensas,

    Verg. A. 7, 125.—
    II.
    Fig., to impair, weaken:

    ita proelio uno accidit Vestinorum res, ut, etc.,

    Liv. 8, 29, 12; so,

    post accisas a Camillo Volscorum res,

    id. 6, 5, 2; cf. 6, 12, 6.—Hence, accīsus, a, um, P. a., cut off or down; impaired, ruined: accisae res (opp. integrae), troubled, disordered, or unfortunate state of things:

    res,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 14, 34; Liv. 3, 10, 8; 8, 11, 12 al.:

    copiae,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 31; Liv. 8, 11, 8:

    robur juventutis,

    id. 7, 29 fin.:

    opes,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 114:

    accisae desolataeque gentes,

    Sil. 8, 590:

    reliquiae (hostium),

    Tac. A. 1, 61.
    2.
    ac-cĭdo, cīdi, no sup., 3, v. n. [cado], to fall upon or down upon a thing, to reach it by falling.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen. constr. with ad, in, local adverbs, with dat. or absol.: utinam ne accidisset abiegna ad terram trabes, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 22 (Trag. p. 281 ed. Vahl., where it is: accĕdisset, acc. to the MSS., v. Vahl. N. v.):

    signa de caelo ad terram,

    Plaut. Rud. prol. 8; so,

    tam crebri ad terram accidebant quam pira,

    id. Poen. 2, 38: trabs in humum accidens, Varr. ap. Non. 494 fin.; so,

    imago aetheris ex oris in terrarum accidat oras,

    Lucr. 4, 215:

    rosa in mensas,

    Ov. F. 5, 360: quo Castalia per struices saxeas lapsu accidit, Liv. Andr. ap. Fest. p. 310 Müll. (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 5):

    ut missa tela gravius acciderent,

    fall upon, hit, Caes. B. G. 3, 14; so Liv. 2, 50, 7.—
    B.
    Esp.: a. ad genua or genibus, of a suppliant, to fall at one's knees: me orat mulier lacrimansque ad genua accidit, Enn. ap. Non. 517, 15 (Com. v. 9 ed. Vahl.); so Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 18; Suet. Caes. 20; id. Claud. 10;

    for which: genibus praetoris,

    Liv. 44, 31;

    also: ad pedes,

    Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5, and absol.: quo accĭdam? quo applicem? Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 114 ed. Vahl., where it is accĕdam).—
    C.
    Transf., to strike the senses, to reach a thing by means of the senses; constr. with ad, the dat. or acc.: vox, sermo accidit ad aurīs (or auribus; also, aurīs alicujus), the voice, the speech falls upon or reaches the ear: nota vox ad aurīs accidit, Att. ap. Non. 39, 5:

    nova res molitur ad aurīs accidere,

    Lucr. 2, 1024; and:

    nihil tam populare ad populi Romani aurīs accidisse,

    Cic. Sest. 50, 107:

    auribus,

    Liv. 24, 46, 5; Quint. 12, 10, 75:

    aurīs,

    Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 31; absol., Liv. 10, 5, 2; 27, 15, 16 sq.; Curt. 4, 4, 5 al.; cf.

    also: clamor accidit ad aurīs,

    Liv. 26, 40, 10; and absol.:

    clamor accidit,

    id. 4, 33, 9; 40, 32, 2;

    likewise: nomen famaque alicujus accidit ad aliquem,

    id. 21, 10, 12; v. Fabri ad h. l.—Hence sometimes in Livy: vox or fama accidit (ad aurīs or ad aliquem), with an acc. c. inf.:

    ut vox etiam ad hostes accideret captum Cominium esse,

    Liv. 10, 41, 7:

    quia repente fama accidit classem Punicam adventare,

    the report came, id. 27, 29, 7; v. Weissenb. a. h. l.
    II.
    Fig.
    A.
    In gen., to fall out, come to pass, happen, occur; and with dat. pers., to happen to, to befall one. (The distinction between the syn. evenio, accido, and contingo is this: evenio, i. e. ex-venio, is used of either fortunate or unfortunate events: accido, of occurrences which take us by surprise; hence it is used either of an indifferent, or, which is its general use, of an unfortunate occurrence: contingo, i. e. contango, indicates that an event accords with [p. 17] one's wishes; and hence is generally used of fortunate events. As Isid. says, Differ. 1: Contingunt bona: accidunt mala: eveniunt utraque):

    res accidit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 14;

    Id acciderat, ut Galli consilium caperent,

    ib. 3, 2:

    si quid adversi acciderit,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 38, 121; cf. ib. 1, 26, 57:

    nollem accidisset tempus, in quo, etc.,

    id. Fam. 3, 10:

    si qua calamitas accidisset,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 55: id. Rosc. Am. 34:

    contra opinionem accidit,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 9:

    pejus Sequanis accidit,

    ib. 1, 31:

    periculum accidit,

    ib. 3, 3:

    detrimentum accidit,

    ib. 7, 52. Also of fortunate occurrences:

    omnia tibi accidisse gratissima,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 1; 11, 15:

    accidit satis opportune,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 22; cf. Brem. Nep. Milt. 1, 1; Herz. Caes. B. G. 7, 3.—Constr. with ut (Zumpt, § 621), sometimes with quod:

    accidit perincommode, quod eum nusquam vidisti,

    Cic. Att. 1, 17; or with inf.:

    nec enim acciderat mihi opus esse,

    id. Fam. 6, 11. Pleonast. in narrations: accidit ut, it happened, or came to pass, that: accidit ut una nocte omnes Hermae dejicerentur, it happened that, etc., Nep. Alc. 3, 2; so Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 8; id. Att. 1, 5, 4 al.—
    B.
    In part.
    1.
    Si quid cui accidat, or si quid humanitus accidat, euphemist. for to die; if any thing should happen to one (for which Ennius says:

    si quid me fuerit humanitus, Ann. v. 128 ed. Vahl.): si quid pupillo accidisset,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 21; Caes. B. G. 1, 18;

    si quid mihi humanitus accidisset,

    Cic. Phil. 1, 4; Dig. 34, 4, 30 § 2 al. (cf. the Greek ei ti pathoi); so, per aposiopesin, sive—quod heu timeo, sive superstes eris, Ov. Her. 13, 164. (But Cic. Mil. 22, 58; Caes. B. G. 2, 35, and similar passages, are to be taken in the usual signif.)—
    2.
    To turn out (this very rare):

    timeo “incertum” hoc quorsum accidat,

    Ter. And. 1, 5, 29:

    si secus acciderit,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 21, 2. —
    3.
    In gram., to belong to:

    plurima huic (verbo) accidunt (i. e. genus, tempora),

    Quint. 1, 5, 41 al.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > accido

  • 19 admitto

    ad-mitto, mīsi, missum, 3, v. a. (admĭsse sync. for admisisse, Plaut. Mil. 4, 7, 4: admittier arch. for admitti, as Verg. A. 9, 231), orig. to send to; hence with the access. idea of leave, permission (cf.: aditus, accessus), to suffer to come or go to a place, to admit. —Constr. with in and acc. ( in and abl. is rare and doubtful), ad, or dat. (class.).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    ad eam non admissa sum,

    Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 41;

    so Eun. 2, 2, 50: quam multis custodibus opus erit, si te semel ad meas capsas admisero,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 16:

    in cubiculum,

    id. Phil. 8, 10:

    lucem in thalamos,

    Ov. A. A. 3, 807:

    domum ad se filium,

    Nep. Tim. 1:

    plebem ad campestres exercitationes,

    Suet. Ner. 10:

    aliquem per fenestram,

    Petr. Sat. 79; cf. Ov. A. A. 3, 605:

    admissis intra moenia hostibus,

    Flor. 1, 1.—
    B.
    Esp.
    1.
    Of those who admitted one on account of some business; and under the emperors, for the purpose of salutation, to allow one admittance or access, to grant an audience (the t. t. for this; v. admissio, admissionalis;

    opp. excludere,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 4, 10; Plin. Pan. 48; cf.

    Schwarz ad h. 1. 47, 3): nec quemquam admisit,

    admitted no one to his presence, Cic. Att. 13, 52:

    domus clari hominis, in quam admittenda hominum cujusque modi multitudo,

    id. Off. 1, 39: Casino salutatum veniebant;

    admissus est nemo,

    id. Phil. 2, 41, 105; Nep. Con. 3; id. Dat. 3; Suet. Aug. 79:

    spectatum admissi,

    Hor. A. P. 5:

    admittier orant,

    Verg. A. 9, 231:

    turpius eicitur quam non admittitur hospes,

    Ov. Tr. 5, 6, 13:

    vetuit ad eum quemquam admitti,

    Nep. Eum. 12; Curt. 4, 1, 25:

    promiscuis salutationibus admittebat et plebem,

    Suet. Aug. 52.—Metaph.:

    ante fores stantem dubitas admittere Famam,

    Mart. 1, 25.—
    2.
    Of a harlot:

    ne quemquam interea alium admittat prorsus quam me ad se virum,

    Plaut. As. 1, 3, 83; Prop. 3, 20, 7.—Also of the breeding of animals, to put the male to the female (cf.:

    admissarius, admissura, admissus),

    Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 22; 3, 10, 3; Plin. 8, 43, 68 al.; cf. id. 10, 63, 83; Just. 1, 10; Col. 6, 37; 7, 2.—Also used of the female of animals, Varr. R. R. 2, 7, and Non. 69, 85.—
    3.
    Admittere aliquem ad consilium, to admit one to counsel or consultation:

    nec ad consilium casus admittitur,

    Cic. Marc. 2, 7:

    horum in numerum nemo admittebatur nisi qui, etc.,

    Nep. Lys. 1 Halm.—Hence:

    admittere aliquem ad honores, ad officium,

    to admit him to, to confer on, Nep. Eum. 1; Suet. Caes. 41; Prop. 2, 34, 16; Sen. Herc. Oet. 335.—
    4.
    Of a horse, to let go or run, to give loose reins to (cf.: remittere, immittere, less emphatic than concitare; usu. in the part. perf.):

    admisso equo in mediam aciem irruere,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 61:

    equites admissis equis ad suos refugerunt,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 34:

    Considius equo admisso ad eum accurrit,

    came at full speed, id. B. G. 1, 22:

    in Postumium equum infestus admisit,

    Liv. 2, 19; so Ov. H. 1, 36; id. M. 6, 237.—Hence of the hair, to let it flow loosely:

    admissae jubae,

    Ov. Am. 2, 16, 50 al. [p. 41]
    II.
    Fig.
    A.
    Of words, entreaties, etc., to permit a thing to come, to give access or grant admittance, to receive:

    pacis mentionem admittere auribus,

    Liv. 34, 49;

    so 30, 3: nihil quod salutare esset, ad aurĭs admittebant,

    id. 25, 21:

    quo facilius aures judicum, quae post dicturi erimus, admittant,

    Quint. 4, 3, 10.—Hence also absol.:

    admittere precationem,

    to hear, to grant, Liv. 31, 5 Gron.; Sil. 4, 698: tunc admitte jocos, give admittance to jesting, i. e. allow it, Mart. 4, 8.—So also:

    aliquid ad animum,

    Liv. 7, 9:

    cogitationem,

    Lact. 6, 13, 8.—
    B.
    Of an act, event, etc., to let it be done, to allow, permit (“fieri pati,” Don. ad Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 23).—With acc. of thing:

    sed tu quod cavere possis stultum admittere est, Ter. l. c.: quod semel admissum coërceri non potest,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 1, 4:

    non admittere litem,

    id. Clu. 116:

    aspicere ecquid jam mare admitteret,

    Plin. Ep. 6, 16, 17:

    non admittere illicita,

    Vulg. 2 Macc. 6, 20.—With subj. clause:

    hosti non admissuro, quo minus aggrederetur,

    Tac. H. 2, 40.—With acc. and inf.:

    non admisit quemquam se sequi,

    Vulg. Marc. 5, 37; so acc. of person alone:

    non admisit eum,

    ib. 5, 19.—Hence, in the language of soothsayers, t. t. of birds which give a favorable omen, = addīco, to be propitious, to favor:

    inpetritum, inauguratum'st, quovis admittunt aves,

    Plaut. As. 2, 1, 11:

    ubi aves non admisissent,

    Liv. 1, 36, 6; id. 4, 18 al. (hence: ADMISSIVAE: aves, in Paul. ex Fest. p. 21. Müll.).—
    C.
    Of an unlawful act, design, etc., to grant admittance to one's self; hence, become guiliy of, to perpetrate, to commit (it thus expresses rather the moral liability incurred freely; while committere designates the overt act, punishable by civil law, Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 3, 9; freq. and class.), often with a reflexive pron., in me, etc. (acc.):

    me hoc delictum admisisse in me, vehementer dolet,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 48:

    ea in te admisisti quae, etc.,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 47:

    tu nihil admittes in te formidine poenae,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 53:

    admittere in se culpam,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 61; Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 40:

    scelera, quae in se admiserit,

    Lucil. 27, 5 Müll.:

    quid umquam Habitus in se admisit, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Clu. 60, 167:

    quantum in se facinus,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 9.—And without such reflexive pron.:

    cum multos multa admĭsse acceperim,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 7, 4:

    quid ego tantum sceleris admisi miser?

    Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 83; so,

    si Milo admisisset aliquid, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Mil. 23 fin.:

    dedecus,

    id. Verr. 1, 17:

    commissum facinus et admissum dedecus confitebor,

    id. Fam. 3, 10, 7:

    tantum dedecus,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 25:

    si quod facinus,

    id. ib. 6, 12:

    flagitium,

    Cic. Clu. 128:

    fraudem,

    id. Rab. 126:

    maleficium,

    id. Sext. Rosc. 62:

    scelus,

    Nep. Ep. 6:

    facinus miserabile,

    Sall. J. 53, 7:

    pessimum facinus pejore exemplo,

    Liv. 3, 72, 2:

    tantum dedccoris,

    id. 4, 2; so 2, 37; 3, 59 al.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > admitto

  • 20 sei

    sī (orig. and ante-class. form seī), conj. [from a pronominal stem = Gr. he; Sanscr. sva-, self; cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 778; Curt. Gr. Etym. 396], a conditional particle, if.
    I.
    Prop.
    a.
    With indic.; so in gen., in conditions which are assumed to be true, with the verb in pres. or perf.; less freq. in imperf or pluperf.; and in conditions which may probably become true, with the verb in fut. or fut. perf. (Madv. Gram. § 332; Zumpt, Gram. § 517).
    (α).
    Pres.: SI IN IVS VOCAT, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 25, and ap. Porphyr. Hor. S. 1, 9, 65: SI MORBVS AEVITASVE VITIVM ESCIT... SI NOLET, etc., id. ap. Gell. l. l.: spero, si speres quicquam prodesse potis sunt, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 333 Müll. (Ann. v. 410 Vahl.):

    si vis, dabo tibi testes,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 37, 58:

    si voltis,

    id. ib. 1, 28, 44:

    si placet,

    id. ib. 2, 44, 71;

    1, 21, 34: si tuo commodo fleri potest,

    id. ib. 1, 9, 14:

    si studia Graecorum vos tanto opere delectant,

    id. ib. 1, 18, 30:

    si populus plurimum potest,

    id. ib. 3, 14, 23:

    si Massilienses per delectos cives summā justitiā reguntur, inest tamen, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 27, 43; cf. id. Off. 3, 8, 35:

    quid est, Catilina, quod jam amplius exspectes, si nec privata domus continere voces conjurationis tuae potest? si illustrantur, si erumpunt omnia?

    id. Cat. 1, 3, 6:

    si pudor quaeritur, si probitas, si fides, Mancinus haec attulit,

    id. Rep. 3, 18, 28:

    Si quaerimus, cur, etc.,

    id. Brut. 95, 325. —Strengthened by modo:

    magnifica quidem res, si modo est ulla,

    Cic. Div. 1, 1, 1:

    deliget populus, si modo salvus esse vult, optimum quemque,

    id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:

    quae (virtus) est una, si modo est, maxime munifica,

    id. ib. 3, 8, 12; id. Tusc. 2, 4, 33; id. de Or. 2, 43, 182:

    si quisquam est facilis, hic est,

    id. Att. 14, 1, 2:

    si ulla res est, quam tibi me petente faciendam putes, haec ea sit,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 11:

    SI AGNATVS NEC ESCIT, GENTILIS FAMILIAM NANCITOR, Fragm. XII. Tab. in Collat. Leg. Mos. et Rom. 16, 4: quae (libertas), si aequa non est, ne libertas quidem est,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 31, 47; 1, 32, 49:

    id si minus intellegitur, ex dissensionibus percipi potest,

    id. Lael. 7, 23: BACANALIA SEI QVA SVNT, EXSTRAD QVAM SEI QVID IBEI SACRI EST... FACIATIS VTEI DISMOTA SIENT, S. C. de Bacch. fin.:

    dicito, si quid vis, non nocebo,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 235:

    si qui sunt, qui philosophorum auctoritate moveantur,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

    si quid generis istiusmodi me delectat, pictura delectat,

    id. Fam. 7, 23, 3:

    si aliquid dandum est voluptati,

    id. Sen. 13, 44;

    four times repeated,

    id. ib. 11, 38.—So esp. after mirum est or miror, as expressing reality (= quod or cum; cf. Gr. ei):

    noli mirari, si hoc non impetras,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 11, § 29:

    ecquid mirum est, si tam ab amico animo pacem petit? Curt 4, 11, 4: miraris, si superbiam tuam ferre non possumus?

    id. 8, 7, 14.—

    With a negative conclusion, to denote that, although the condition is true, or is conceded, a certain inference does not follow: nec, si omne enuntiatum aut verum aut falsum est, sequitur ilico esse causas, etc.,

    Cic. Fat. 12, 28:

    nec. si non obstatur, propterea etiam permittitur,

    id. Phil. 13, 6, 19:

    si veniam meretur qui inprudens nocuit, non meretur praemium qui inprudens profuit,

    Quint. 5, 10, 73:

    nec ideo ignis minus urere potest, si in materiam incidit inviolabilem flammis,

    Sen. Ben. 5, 5, 1.—
    (β).
    Imperf.:

    ea si erant, magnas habebas omnibus, dis gratias,

    Plaut. As. 1, 2, 17; Cic. Rep. 1, 27, 43:

    si quis antea mirabatur, quid esset, quod, etc.,

    id. Sest. 1.—
    (γ).
    Perf.:

    SI MEMBRVM RVPIT NI CVM EO PACIT TALIO ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Fest. s. v. talio, p. 363 Müll.: si animum contulisti in istam rationem, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 23, 37:

    si Roma condita est secundo anno Olympiadis septimae, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 10, 18:

    quos (tyrannos) si boni oppresserunt, recreatur civitas: sin audaces, fit illa factio,

    id. ib. 1, 44, 68; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 65:

    si ita sensit, ut loquitur,

    id. ib. 3, 21, 32;

    1, 27, 43: si modo hoc in Lycurgi potestate potuit esse,

    id. ib. 2, 12, 24:

    si modo in philosophiā aliquid profecimus,

    id. Off. 3, 8, 37: si quis eorum [p. 1689] (servorum) sub centone crepuit, nullum mihi vitium facit, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. prohibere, p. 234 sq. Müll.:

    si quid sceleste fecit,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 27:

    si quam opinionem jam vestris mentibus comprehendistis, etc.,

    Cic. Clu. 2, 6:

    si quando regi justo vim populus attulit regnove eum spoliavit, etc.,

    id. Rep. 1, 42, 65; cf. id. ib. 1, 38, 59; id. Lael. 7, 24.—After mirum est or miror, to express a reality (cf. a, supra):

    minime mirum, si ista res adhuc nostrā linguā inlustrata non est,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 13, 55; id. Deiot. 4, 12:

    quid mirum, si haec invitus amisi?

    Tac. A. 12, 37:

    miraris, si eo tempore matrona dicere potuit, escende?

    Sen. Contr. 2, 13, 1:

    minime est mirandum, si vita ejus fuit secura,

    Nep. Cim. 4, 4.—Very often followed by certe, profecto, etc., to express a conclusion, as certain as the unquestionable assumption:

    quod si fuit in re publicā tempus ullum, cum, etc., tum profecto fuit,

    Cic. Brut. 2, 7:

    si quisquam fuit umquam remotus ab inani laude, ego profecto is sum,

    id. Fam. 15, 4, 13:

    etenim si nulla fuit umquam tam imbecillo mulier animo, quae, etc., certe nos, etc.,

    id. Fam. 5, 16, 6:

    si umquam in dicendo fuimus aliquid, tum profecto, etc.,

    id. Att. 4, 2, 2; id. Mil. 2, 4; 7, 19.—Esp. with a negative conclusion (v. a fin. supra, and cf. quia, etsi):

    non, si tibi ante profuit, semper proderit,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 4, 12:

    non, si Opimium defendisti, idcirco te isti bonum civem putabunt,

    id. de Or. 2, 40, 170:

    neque enim, si tuae res gestae ceterorum laudibus obscuritatem attulerunt, idcirco Pompeii memoriam amisimus,

    id. Deiot. 4, 12:

    nec, si capitis dolorem facit, inutilis hominibus sol est,

    Quint. 5, 10, 82.—
    (δ).
    Pluperf.: si improbum Cresphontem existimaveras, etc., Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38:

    nec mirum, eos si orationes turbaverant,

    Liv. 32, 20, 2 (Trag. v. 156 Vahl.):

    si hoc ita fato datum erat, ut,

    Liv. 30, 30, 3.—So esp. in indef. clauses of repeated action:

    plausum si quis eorum aliquando acceperat, ne quid peccasset pertimescebat,

    whenever, Cic. Sest. 49, 105:

    si quando nostri navem religaverant, hostes succurrebant,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 6:

    si quando suis fortunis forte desperare coeperant,

    id. B. G. 3, 12.—
    (ε).
    Fut.: SI VOLET SVO VIVITO... SI VOLET PLVS DATO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 45; cf.: si voles advortere animum, comiter monstrabitur, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 89 Müll. (Trag. v. 386 Vahl.); and:

    alte spectare si voles, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 6, 23, 25:

    si jam eminebit foras,

    id. ib. 6, 26, 29:

    si me audietis,

    id. ib. 1, 19, 32:

    si mutuas non potero certum est sumam fenore,

    Plaut. As. 1, 3, 95:

    id persequar, si potero, subtilius,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 23, 42; cf. in the foll. z:

    nihil (offendet) si modo opus exstabit,

    id. ib. 5, 3, 5:

    si quid te volam, ubi eris?

    Plaut. As. 1, 1, 96: si quod aliud oikeion reperies, Cic. Att. 1, 10, 3.—
    (ζ).
    Fut. perf.: si te hic offendero, moriere, Enn. ap. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1 (Trag. v. 301 Vahl.):

    si nostram rem publicam vobis et nascentem et crescentem ostendero,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 1, 3:

    tum magis assentiere, si ad majora pervenero,

    id. ib. 1, 40, 62:

    expediri quae restant vix poterunt, si hoc incohatum reliqueris,

    id. ib. 1, 35, 55;

    1, 24, 38: pergratum mihi feceris, si de amicitiā disputaris,

    id. Lael. 4, 16:

    accommodabo ad eam (rem publicam), si potuero, omnem illam orationem, etc.... quod si tenere et consequi potuero, etc.,

    id. Rep. 1, 46, 70; so,

    si potuero,

    id. ib. 2, 30, 53; id. Brut. 5, 21:

    si potuerit,

    id. Off. 3, 23, 89:

    si modo id exprimere Latine potuero,

    id. Rep. 1, 43, 66:

    si modo interpretari potuero,

    id. Leg. 2, 18, 45:

    si ne ei caput exoculassitis,

    Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 26: si quid vos per laborem recte feceritis... Sed si quā per voluptatem nequiter feceritis, etc., Cato ap. Gell. 16, 1, 4:

    de iis te, si qui me forte locus admonuerit, commonebo,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 47.—
    b.
    With subj.; so in gen. of conditions assumed in statement, but implied not to be actual; the verb in pres. (rarely perf.) implies that the condition is still possible; in the imperf. and pluperf., that it is known to be unreal (Madv. Gram. § 347 sqq.; Zumpt, Gram. § 524).
    (α).
    Pres.:

    si habeat aurum,

    Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 12:

    abire hinc nullo pacto possim, si velim,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 2; so,

    si velim,

    Cic. Rep. 3, 10, 17:

    cum ipsi auxilium ferre, si cupiant, non queant,

    id. ib. 1, 5, 9:

    si singulos numeremus,

    id. ib. 3, 4, 7: si jus suum populi teneant, id. ib. 1, 32, 48:

    si Scipionis desiderio me moveri negem,

    id. Lael. 3, 10:

    si ad verba rem deflectere velimus,

    id. Caecin. 18, 51:

    si quis varias gentes despicere possit, videat primum, etc.,

    id. Rep. 3, 9, 14.—In expressing a wish ( poet. for utinam), usu. with O:

    O si angulus ille accedat, qui, etc.,

    Hor. S. 2, 6, 8; 2, 6, 10:

    O mihi praeteritos referat si Juppiter annos,

    Verg. A. 8, 560;

    also alone: si nunc se nobis ille aureus arbore ramus Ostendat nemore in tanto!

    would that, yet if, if however, id. ib. 6, 187:

    si quā fata aspera rumpas, Tu Marcellus eris,

    id. ib. 6, 882; cf. b, infra.—
    (β).
    Imperf.:

    qui si unus omnia consequi posset, nihil opus esset pluribus, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 34, 52:

    quae descriptio si esset ignota vobis, explicaretur a me,

    id. ib. 2, 22, 39:

    si ullum probarem simplex rei publicae genus,

    id. ib. 2, 23, 43:

    quod non fecissent profecto, si nihil ad eos pertinere arbitrarentur,

    id. Lael. 4, 13; cf. id. Verr. 2, 5, 51, § 133; v. Zumpt, Gram. § 525: SEI QVES ESENT, QVEI SIBEI DEICERENT, S. C. de Bacch (twice). —Also with O, expressing a wish ( poet.):

    O si solitae quicquam virtutis adesset,

    Verg. A. 11, 415;

    and without O: si mihi, quae quondam fuerat... si nunc foret illa juventus,

    id. ib. 5, 398.—
    (γ).
    Perf.: SI INIVRIAM FAXIT ALTERI, VIGINTI QVINQVE AERIS POENAE SVNTO, Fragm. XII. Tabularum ap. Gell. 20, 1, 12: si jam data sit frux, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 724 P. (Ann. v. 412 Vahl.):

    perii, si me aspexerit!

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 164:

    victus sum, si dixeris,

    id. ib. 1, 1, 272:

    Romani si casu intervenerint,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 20, Cic. Rep. 3, 5, 8.—
    (δ).
    Pluperf.:

    si aliter accidisset,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 7:

    tum magis id diceres, si nuper in hortis Scipionis affuisses,

    id. Lael. 7, 25:

    mansisset eadem voluntas in eorum posteris, si regum similitudo permansisset,

    id. Rep. 1, 41, 64:

    si id fecisses,

    id. Phil. 2, 2, 3; 2, 15, 38; 2, 36, 90:

    si quis in caelum ascendisset, etc.,

    id. Lael. 23, 88:

    si aliquid de summā gravitate Pompeius remisisset,

    id. Phil. 13, 1, 2.—
    c.
    Ellipt.
    (α).
    With pron. indef:

    istae artes, si modo aliquid, valent, ut acuant ingenia,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30:

    aut nemo, aut, si quisquam, ille sapiens fuit,

    id. Lael. 2, 9; id. Or. 29, 103.—
    (β).
    In a negation, usu. si minus, si contra (= sin minus, sin aliter):

    plures haec tulit una civitas, si minus sapientes, at certe summā laude dignos,

    Cic. Rep. 3, 4, 7:

    educ tecum omnes tuos: si minus, quam plurimos,

    id. Cat. 1, 5, 10; id. de Or. 2, 16, 68, in this sense less freq. si non:

    utrum cetera nomina digesta habes an non? Si non... si etiam,

    id. Rosc. Com. 3, 9:

    si haec civitas est, civem esse me: si non, exsulem esse, etc.,

    id. Fam. 7, 3, 5; Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 104 sq.; id. Ps. 3, 2, 87; id. Poen. 5, 2, 24; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 66; 1, 6, 68; Liv. 28, 29, 4:

    hic venit in judicium, si nihil aliud, saltem ut, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 152; so, si nihil aliud, Liv 22, 29; 30, 35; 45, 37 fin., Curt. 4, 6, 28:

    si aliud nihil,

    id. 2, 43.—
    (γ).
    With forte:

    intelleges esse nihil a me nisi orationis acerbitatem et, si forte, raro litterarum missarum indiligentiam reprehensam,

    perhaps, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 7; cf.:

    vereor, ne nihil sim tui, nisi supplosionem pedis imitatus et pauca quaedam verba et aliquem, si forte, motum,

    id. de Or. 3, 12, 47.—
    2.
    With quod, and if, but if, if however, if:

    quod si in philosophiā tantum interest... quid tandem in causis existimandum est?

    Cic. Or. 16, 51:

    quod si fuit in re publicā tempus ullum... tum profecto fuit,

    id. Brut. 2, 7:

    quod si exemeris ex rerum naturā benevolentiae conjunctionem, nec domus ulla nec urbs stare poterit,

    id. Lael. 7, 23; id. Rep. 3, 4, 7:

    quod si non hic tantus fructus ostenderetur et si ex his studiis delectatio sola peteretur: tamen, etc.,

    id. Arch. 7, 16; id. Cat. 2, 5, 10; id. Rosc. Com. 18, 54.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    In subject or object-clauses, si with subj. sometimes takes the place of an inf.:

    apud Graecos opprobrio fuit adulescentibus, si amatores non haberent,

    Cic. Rep. 4, 3, 3: summa gloria constat ex tribus his;

    si diligit multitudo, si fidem habet, etc.,

    id. Off. 2, 9, 31:

    unam esse spem salutis docent, si eruptione factā extremum auxilium experirentur,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 5:

    illud ignoscere aequum erit, si... ne tuam quidem gloriam praeponam, etc.,

    Liv. 28, 41, 1; Nep. Ages. 4, 3: infinitum est, si singulos velim persequi. Sen. Q. N. 5, 17, 5; id. Tranq. 16, 2 (cf. si after mirum est, I. a. fin. supra).—
    2.
    In subst. clauses, to denote a doubtful assumption or future event (cf. quod):

    dixerunt, in eo verti puellae salutem, si postero die vindex injuriae ad tempus praesto esset,

    Liv. 3, 46:

    adjecerunt, Scipionem in eo positam habuisse spem pacis, si Hannibal et Mago ex Italiā non revocarentur,

    id. 30, 23; 35, 18.—
    3.
    Si with a relative takes the place of a relative clause, to express a class the existence or extent of which is doubtful: mortem proposuit, non eis solum qui illam rem gesserunt, sed eis etiam si qui non moleste tulerunt, i. e. if such there were, whether few or many, Cic. Phil. 13, 18, 39; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 9:

    dixit errare, si qui in bello omnis secundos rerum proventus expectent,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 29:

    errat, si quis existimat facilem rem esse donare,

    Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 1; Cic. Off. 2, 13, 44; Liv. 42, 31.—
    4.
    In syllogistic reasonings:

    si oportet velle sapere, dare operam philosophiae convenit. Oportet autem velle sapere, etc.,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 36, 65:

    si enim est verum, quod ita conectitur: si quis oriente Caniculā natus est, in mari non morietur, illud quoque verum est: si Fabius oriente Canicula natus est, Fabius in mari non morietur,

    id. Fat. 6, 12.—
    5.
    = etiamsi, with foll. tamen, even if, although, albeit (class.):

    quae si exsequi nequirem, tamen, etc.,

    Cic. Sen. 11, 38; cf.:

    quae si causa non esset, tamen, etc.,

    id. Mur. 4, 8; and:

    quae si dubia essent, tamen, etc.,

    Sall. J. 85, 48.—
    II.
    Transf., in dependent clauses expressing an interrogation or doubt, it is nearly = num, but forms a looser connection, if, whether, if perchance (class., but very rare in Cic.):

    ibo et visam huc ad eum, si forte est domi,

    Plaut. Bacch. 3, 5, 4; Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 7; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 118; cf. id. Phorm. 3, 3, 20:

    jam sciam, si quid titubatum est, ubi reliquias videro,

    Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 33; cf. id. Merc. 1, 2, 44:

    fatis incerta feror, si Juppiter unam Esse velit urbem,

    Verg. A. 4, 110; Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 52:

    primum ab iis quaesivit, si aquam hominibus in totidem dies, quot frumentum imposuissent,

    Liv. 29, 25; 39, 50:

    id modo quaeritur, si (lex) majori parti et in summam prodest,

    id. 34, 3; cf. id. 40, 49 fin.:

    jam dudum exspecto, si tuom officium scias,

    Plaut. Poen. prol. 12:

    hanc (paludem) si nostri transirent, hostes exspectabant,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 9; id. B. C. 2, 34; cf.:

    Pompeius eadem spectans, si itinere impeditos deprehendere posset,

    id. ib. 3, 75:

    non recusavit quo minus vel extremo spiritu, si quam opem rei publicae ferre posset, experiretur,

    Cic. Phil. 9, 1, 2; cf. id. de Or. 2, 85, 398:

    statui expectandum esse si quid certius adferretur,

    id. Fam. 15, 1, 2:

    Philopoemen quaesivit si Lycortas incolumis evasisset,

    Liv. 39, 50:

    expertique simul, si tela artusque sequantur,

    Val. Fl. 5, 562:

    Helvetii nonnumquam interdiu, saepius noctu, si perrumpere possent, conati,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 8 fin.; cf.:

    temptata res est, si primo impetu capi Ardea posset,

    Liv. 1, 57.—
    B.
    With ellipsis of a verb or clause on which the condition depends (cf. I. c. supra): ei rei suam operam dat, si possiet illam invenire ( to see) whether he can, Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 37:

    L. Minucium cum omni equitatu praemittit, si quid celeritate itineris proficere possit,

    to see, to try, Caes. B. G. 6, 29 fin.:

    circumfunduntur hostes, si quem aditum reperire possent,

    id. ib. 6, 37:

    fame et inopiā adductos clam ex castris exisse, si quid frumenti in agris reperire possent,

    id. ib. 7, 20, 10; cf. id. ib. 7, 55 fin.; 7, 89 fin.; id. B. C. 3, 8 fin.; 3, 56:

    pergit ad speluncam, si forte eo vestigia ferrent,

    Liv. 1, 7:

    saxa volvebant, si quā Possent tectam aciem perrumpere,

    Verg. A. 9, 512:

    ad Gonnum castra movet, si potiri oppido posset,

    Liv. 42, 67, 6: haud aspernatus Tullius, tamen, si vana adferantur, in aciem educit ( that he might be ready) if, etc., id. 1, 23, 6:

    milites in praesidio erant, si quo operā eorum opus esset,

    id. 27, 28, 5:

    alii offerunt se, si quo usus operae sit,

    id. 26, 9, 9: ille postea, si comitia sua non fierent, urbi minari, i. e. ( that he would attack it) if, etc., Cic. Att. 4, 3, 3:

    Carthaginiensibus in Hasdrubale ita, si is movisset Syphacem, spes omnis erat,

    Liv. 29, 35, 9; 5, 8, 9:

    consul aedem Fortunae vovit, si eo die hostis fudisset,

    id. 29, 36, 8: erat Athenis reo damnato, si fraus capitalis non esset, quasi [p. 1690] poenae aestimatio, Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 232: quattuor legiones Cornelio, si qui ex Etruriā novi motus nuntiarentur, relictae, to meet the case, that, to be ready, if, etc., Liv. 6, 22:

    is in armis tenuit militem, si opus foret auxilio,

    id. 5, 8:

    ut patricios indignatio, si cum his gerendus esset honos, deterreret,

    id. 4, 6, 10; 1, 40, 2; 24, 36.—
    B.
    Si... si, for sive... sive, whether... or:

    si deus si dea es,

    Cato, R. R. 139; cf.:

    hostiam si deo, si deae immolabant,

    Gell. 2, 28, 3.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > sei

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